Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect and mechanism of aging on iodinated-contrast-mediainduced nephropathy in male rats. Methods: Twenty-four healthy male rats were initially divided into 12-month-old and 24-month-old age groups (adult and older age groups, respectively; n ¼ 12/group); subsequently, each age group was randomly divided into saline control (NS) and contrast media (CM) groups (n ¼ 6/group). CM (76% diatrizoate, 10 mL/kg b.w.) was given through the caudal vein. Urinary creatinine (Ucr) and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The activities of renal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) were determined by spectrophotometric assays with commercially available kits according to the manufacturers' protocols. Renal histological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and scored semiquantitatively. Results: In diatrizoate-injected aged rats, Scr, the activities of ACE, Ang II, MDA, and NADPH oxidase in renal tissues were significantly increased (p < 0.01). The histologic scores were higher in the aged animals with CM treatment than those of control or adult rats (p < 0.01). There was an increasing trend but no significant statistical difference in renal ACE, Ang II, MDA, and NADPH oxidase or histologic scores in adult CM-injected rats compared with control animals (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Older age is an aggravating factor of iodinated-contrast-media-induced nephropathy in male rats. Oxidative stress and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may play an important role in nephrotoxicity induced by iodinated contrast media, especially in aged male rats.
Objective: To determine functional and structural alterations of peritoneum and fibrotic cytokines expression in peritoneal dialysis (PD) rats. Methods: 28 Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were randomly divided into four groups and dialyzed with various solutions daily for four weeks: (1) no solution (CON group), (2) 0.9% Saline solution (NS group), (3) 1.5% Dianeal (LG group), (4) 4.25% Dianeal (HG group). Peritoneal equilibration tests, ultrafiltration function and effluent protein quantification were measured. Peritoneum morphology was studied and immunohistochemistry were performed for detection of transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and fibronectin (FN) proteins. Reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of TGF-b1, CTGF mRNA. Results: Administration of 4.25% Dianeal caused functional and structural changes of peritoneum, including protein loss through the transport process, decrease of peritoneal solute transport rate and ultrafiltration capacity. The collagen of peritoneum in the HG group was thicker than the other groups. The levels of CTGF, TGF-b1, and FN proteins were significantly the highest in the HG group, followed by the LG group. The liner correlation analysis showed positive correlations between the levels of CTGF, TGF-b1, and FN proteins and the collagen thickness. The expression of TGF-b1 and CTGF mRNA in the HG group were significantly higher than those in the other groups and were indicated positive correlation.
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