This article is based on an ethnographic study of children’s everyday life in Swedish preschools. The ethnography is used to explore children’s strategies for influencing, defending and constructing the social order of a preschool institution. The focus of our concern is on how the children, in their interactions with each other and with the preschool teachers, manage the collective regulation and how they negotiate their participation in collective activities. There is an inherent tension between free play and the high degree of routinised and collective activities within the preschool institution. The study shows that children are active in playing at the border, acting as if the institution is the children’s place. It also shows how they draw on different strategies as resources for managing the regulations, accounting for personal autonomy and negotiating the social order. In taking a child perspective and acknowledging children as active agents, it is possible to see how they influence and shape their everyday life in a preschool context. In addition, the article illustrates individual children’s strategic and pragmatic use of resources and in doing so contribute to their own childhood and thereby become part of a social and cultural construction process.
Abstract. In this article we present methods for the purification and fractionation of human blood lymphocytes, which have been used in our laboratory to characterize antibody‐dependent cytotoxic effector cells (K cells). The assay system consists of highly purified lymphocytes, 51Cr‐labelled chicken erythrocytes (Ec) and IgG rabbit anti‐Ec in high dilutions. Various ways of comparing K‐cell potentials of different lymphocyte preparations in this system are discussed. When purified lymphocytes are partially depleted (60‐85% depletion) of cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E+ cells), the K‐cell activity of the depleted fraction is increased, indicating that the majority of the E+ cells are inactive in this assay. Depletion of EAC‐rosette‐forming cells shows that most or all K cells have complement receptors. For depletion of B cells, the lymphocytes may be passed through glass bead columns, charged with F(ab')2 fragments of human IgG and F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit antibodies to the F(ab')2 part of human IgG. These columns give high yields of B‐cell depleted fractions. These preparations are rich in E+ cells and contain ˜80% of the Fc‐receptor lymphocytes which form rosettes with bovine erythrocytes, coated with IgG antibodies. Their K‐cell activity is unchanged or slightly elevated, indicating that mature B cells, i.e. SIg+ cells, have little or no K‐cell activity. In contrast, passage of the lymphocytes through immune complex columns (ovalbumin/anti‐ovalbumin) leads to ˜ 70% depletion of Fc receptor‐bearing cells, while most of the B cells (SIg+ cells) pass through the columns. The relative frequency of E+ cells in the passed fraction frequently shows a slight reduction. These preparations have a very low K‐cell activity, indicating that K cells are lymphocytes with Fc receptors of relatively strong avidity.
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