In the theory of economics, if the quantity of a good or service supplied in the market is more than Controlling environmental degradation, which has an important place in the international literature, has been one of the main problems for economies. For this reason, the aim of this study is to examine the environmental relationship of public expenditures and terrorism, whose effects on environmental degradation are being discussed, between 2002-2017 in countries where terrorism is intense. Cross-section dependence and homogeneity and unit root tests were used in the study. Then the causality relationship was examined. Cross-section dependence, heterogeneity and unit root tests, which are among the panel data analysis methods, were applied in the study. The results show that terrorism and public spending are the cause of environmental degradation throughout the panel. When analyzed by country, causality relationship was determined among the variables.
Examining the human development of societies is one of the important economic policy practices of recent times. Therefore, economies steer the sub-components of human development and their policies implemented by researching the factors that affect such sub-components. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine the relationship between economic growth and terrorism with human development in 12 selected MENA countries in the period of 2002-2017 by the panel causality method. The findings obtained as a result of the panel causality analysis show that both terrorism and economic growth have bidirectional causality with the human development index throughout the panel. A causality relationship has also been found in many countries on a country basis
Günümüzde ülkelerin içinde bulunduğu ekonomik durumu açıklamada yalnızca fiziki sermaye birikimini ele almanın yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Ülkeler, gelişmişlik seviyelerini açıklamada fiziki sermayenin yanında başka değişkenler üzerine de yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu bağlamda sosyal sermaye, yeni bir sermaye türü olarak iktisat literatüründe yerini almıştır. Aynı zamanda birçok araştırmacı, sosyal sermayenin ülkelerin refah seviyeleri üzerindeki etkisinin önemini kabul etmekte ve ülkelerin gelişmesinde etkili rol oynadığı konusunda hemfikirdirler. Bu çalışmanın iki temel amacı vardır; birincisi sosyal sermaye kavramını açıklamak. İkincisi de, sosyal sermayenin ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmaya olan etkisini gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından ele almaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, sosyal sermayesi güçlü olan ülkelerin daha kalkınmış oldukları gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte gelişmekte olan ülkelerin, ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmayı gerçekleştirebilmesi için sosyal sermayeye önem vermesi gerektiği vurgulanmıştır.
The Turkish tourism sector is among the first places in international markets in terms of number of visiting tourists. But th e same situation is not valid in terms of tourism revenue. At this point, tourism promotion becomes important for the Turkish economy. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism arranges promotional activities in different regions of the world to increase the number of tourists and revenue of tourism sector. But it is possible to interpret that tourism demand is not sufficient compare to potential of the country because of absence of effective and planned promotion policy. The aim of this study is to test interaction between tourism promotion expenditures, tourism revenue and number of tourists by employing recently developed Vector Autoregressive based Toda-Yamamoto and conventional Granger causality methods. In the study, annual data belonging to period between years 1990 and 2012 is used. Results of the empirical analyses give evidences about the relation between tourism promotion expenditures, tourism revenue and number of tourists. Findings obtained from both conventional Granger and Toda -Yamamoto causality tests imply that there is a causation linkage running from tourism promotion expenditures to number of tourists visiting Turkey. Results also indicate that there is no causal relationship between tourism promotion expenditures and tourism revenue.
ÖzBu çalışmada, E7 ülkelerinde finansal derinleşme ve yoksulluk arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin 2001-2016 dönemleri için araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkinin test edilmesinde bootsrap panel Granger nedensellik analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar trickle down hipotezinin (damlama hipotezinin) sadece bir ülkede geçerli olduğunu diğer yandan tamamlayıcılık hipotezinin (complementary hypothesis) ise üç ülkede geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar özel sektör kredilerinden (DC) yoksulluğa doğru tek yönlü, yoksulluktan para arzına (M2Y) doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisini ifade etmektedir. Abstract In this study, it is aimed to investigate the causality linkage between financial deepening and poverty in the E7 countries for the periods of 2001-2006. The causality linkage the variable was tested using the bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis. The results show that the trickle down hypothesis is valid only in one of the E7 countries, whereas the complementary hypothesis is valid in three of the E7 countries. These results imply one way causality from private sector credits (DC) to poverty and from poverty to money supply (M2Y).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.