The mantle plays important role in the mechanism of oyster protection caused by environmental pollutants. This study aims to analyze the effect of water accommodated fraction of crude oil on the mantle of Slipper-Shaped Oyster (Crassostrea iredalei) at different doses and time exposure. The ventral and posterior segments of the mantle were fixed, and tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, PAS-Periodic acid–Schiff, and TEM-transmission electron microscopy techniques. HE-hematoxylin and eosin, PAS-alcian, and TEM-transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the different mucosubstances and to describe the ultrastructure-related response on a certain part of the mantle after exposure. The tissues of epithelium, connective tissue, mucus cells, pigmented cells, numerous hemolymph sinuses, shell formation, and blood sinus were recognized under a light microscope. The mucous cell was excreted in all the concentrations (control, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% Water Acomodate Fraction) and also in the time exposure (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours). A large number of mucous cells was produced in the inner mantle cavity (IMC) and outer mantle cavity (OMC). Mucous cells increased in number with increasing WAF concentration as well as the length of exposure time. The highest number of mucus cells was observed at 100% Water Accommodate Fraction (WAF) concentration and 96 hours of exposure. The structure and function of the mantle, the shell formation, the edge of the mantle, mucous cell, muscle bundles, nerve fibers, and epithelium layer of the Slipper-Shaped Oyster (Crassostrea iredalei) were documented in this study.
Oil spills potentially effect exposed organisms at various stage of life. This work aimed to access health risk of crude oil to larva development of a sessile organism the Black scar oyster Crassostrea iredalei by using water accommodate fraction (WAF) of crude oil. Male and female gametes was collect and fertilized to obtained larvae at cleavage stage. The larvae were then incubate in various concentrations of WAF (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 %). After 24 hour of exposure, normal D-shaped veliger larva (D-larva) was observe. The result showed that WAF crude oil affected the development and the successful of D-larva development. Severity of WAF effect was increasing with dosages of exposure. The abnormal larva developments were increasing in the high concentrations. The information obtaining from current work is important for health risk assessment of crude oil contamination incident in marine ecosystem. This study will also contribute valuable knowledge needed for aquaculture to know effect of crude oil spill to oyster farming area.
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