The field in study has multiple stacked reservoirs with 10-20m oil column overlain by medium to large gas caps. PVT analysis from DST in the gas zones were available, which showed gas and condensate production at surface. Composition, PSAT and CCE data were available from surface samples. DST tests in oil zone provided only GORs, surface oil and gas gravities. Reservoir oil and gas gradients were also available from RFT/MDT.The challenge was to generate representative PVT properties for the oil zone for reservoir simulation by integrating these partial datasets. Due to condensate production, it was necessary also to incorporate and characterize the vaporized oil fraction in the gas, which is not possible by using black oil correlations. This paper describes the workflow used to integrate these partial datasets through an EOS model to generate representative PVT properties for the reservoir oil and gas. The composition from the gas cap sample was used to build an EOS Model which was tuned using CCE data and gas cap DST results. This partially tuned EOS was used to simulate a compositional gradient experiment which was tuned to match the PSAT at GOC obtained from RFT/MDT and equilibrium oil composition at reservoir temperature and pressure at GOC was calculated. This oil composition was then plugged back into the EOS Model and model was further tuned with reservoir oil density from RFT/MDT, oil API and production GOR from the oil zone DST. This tuned EOS was then used to export Live Oil and Live Gas PVT tables for simulation.This approach helped to generate representative PVT tables which produced a good history match in the dynamic model within the range of uncertainty. This approach is now being tried with other reservoirs where PVT data is inadequate and is becoming helpful to tune PVT models.
The Indian poultry market is estimated to have an annual growth rate of 8.1% as of today. However, infectious diseases in poultry pose an important constraint in the growth and development of this sector in our region. Among infectious diseases, viral diseases of poultry pose a serious threat to the poultry industry from an economic point of view. Several viral disease outbreaks have been reported by various researchers from different parts of the country. Among the common viral diseases of poultry, incidences of Newcastle disease, Avian Influenza, Fowl Pox, Infectious Bursal Disease, Marek’s disease, Infectious Bronchitis, Infectious Laryngotracheitis and Inclusion Body Hepatitis are significant in Assam as well as other parts of India. Thorough epidemiological studies followed by the identification of different serotypes, pathotypes, strains, etc. by genotyping and molecular characterization of viral disease pathogens may lead to ways to control and eradicate the diseases. Importance should be given to maintaining basic preventive measures like biosecurity, farm hygiene, and proper vaccination. In a developing country like India, disease outbreaks can impact the country’s economy. In this study, a brief view of the common viral disease of poultry and its diagnosis and control strategies in Assam, India is depicted. However, this review well indicates a plethora of avian diseases that have occurred over the years causing a severe impact on poultry farming as a whole.
The present study was carried out to detect the circulating Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from various field outbreaks in Assam during 2018-2021. Nine hundred ninety-two clinical and post mortem samples were collected from the backyard and commercial poultry and subjected to molecular detection by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). NDV could be detected in 445 (n=757, 58.78%) tissue samples and 53 (n=235, 22.55%) cloacal swabs collected from suspected poultry cases by RT-PCR. The findings of our study suggests that the sample of choice for detection of NDV from tissue samples was trachea (n=85, 92.94%), followed by spleen (n=96, 90.62%), lung (n=92, 86.95%), caecal tonsils (n=96, 77.08%), proventriculus (n=74, 60.81%), brain (n=92, 48.91%), intestines (n=73, 31.50%), kidney (n=52, 23.07%), and cloacal swab (n=235, 22.55%) by RT-PCR. Hence, the collection of specific tissue samples from field outbreaks for the detection of NDV is of paramount importance. In addition, RT-PCR can be considered a highly sensitive detection method for rapid and confirmative diagnosis of Newcastle disease virus.
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.