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Aims-To compare the distribution of eyelid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with the relative ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure to diVerent sites on the eyelids. Methods-The location of BCC on the eyelids was allocated to one of seven regions. The UVR exposure was recorded with a polymer film attached to the eyelids at seven sites in a manikin and in human subjects. Results-Localisation

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To report our experience of reconstruction and follow-up of eyelid basal cell carcinomas treated with Mohs' micrographic technique. Methods: Sixty-four periocular basal cell carcinomas, with a high risk of recurrence in one or more aspects with regard to location, size, morphology or prior treatment, were excised using Mohs' micrographic technique. All ensuing defects were repaired. The cases were followed prospectively for up to ten years. All complications and interventions were documented during the follow-up period. Results: The average size of the defect before repair was 21 mm (range 5-45 mm). The mean follow-up time was 49 months (range 3-120). The recurrence rate was 5% (3 of 64 cases). The three recurrences occurred after one, four and six years, respectively. Conclusions: The recurrence rate of high risk tumours reported in this study was less than reported with other modes of treatment and comparable with that in other studies using Mohs' micrographic technique.

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To present the results of a 30-year prospective study in which eyelid basal cell carcinomas were treated with cryosurgery. Methods: Basal cell carcinomas with well-defined borders on the eyelids or medial canthus, diagnosed by punch biopsy, were included. Cryosurgery was performed using liquid nitrogen sprayed into a cone circumscribing the tumours. The tumours were treated in a double freeze-thaw cycles technique. The minimum thawing time of the frozen area outside the tumour margin was at least 60 seconds. During the first 20 years of the study, patients were re-examined for up to 10 years. In the last 10 years of the study, most patients were followed up for 1 year, and if there was no visible scarring in the treated area at the 1-year check-up, follow-ups were implemented at the patient's request following selfassessment. Results: In total, 781 tumours in 768 patients were treated. The median age of the patients at treatment was 73 years, mean 70.9 years (range 22-102 years). More women (58%) were treated than men. The median tumour size was 8 mm, mean 9.1 mm (range 2-25 mm). There were few side-effects requiring intervention. Twelve patients underwent surgery due to ektropion during follow-up. In 101 patients, treatment of the tumour resulted in conjunctival growth on the skin side, which required correcting operations in 28 patients. Three recurrences have occurred. Conclusion: Cryosurgery is an effective treatment modality for eyelid basal cell carcinomas, resulting in few recurrences and good cosmetic and functional outcomes at a low cost.

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Simulated entrapment was easily detected as a distinct difference between right and left eye motility recordings (p<0.001). Recordings of patients with diplopia differed significantly from those of healthy test subjects with respect to velocity (p<0.05) and range of motility (p<0.05).

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To examine pre-and postoperative visual interference, subjective symptoms and visual acuity in patients undergoing epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery. Methods: A retrospective observational case series comparing 239 eyes in 231 consecutive patients with idiopathic ERM in a selected catchment area from 2002 to 2009. Demography, visual acuity (VA), lens status and subjective symptoms were analysed before and after the operation. Patients, healthy enough to participate at least 2 years post surgery, answered a questionnaire about their subjective functional impairment before and after the ERM peeling. Visual disturbance was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) ranging from 1 to 100 mm. Results: The preoperative VA for the eyes in the study was median 0.40 logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) (range À0.1 to 1.22) resulted in VA of 0.22 logMAR (range À0.1 to 1.1), which is a statistical significant difference (p À). Of 180 patients contacted, answers were received from 103 (57%). Subjective visual disturbance assessed on the VAS showed a median of 70 mm (range 0-100) before surgery compared to a subjective disturbance median 27 mm (range 0-98) postoperatively. The change preoperatively to postoperatively was mean À34 mm (SD 31), median À37 (range À96 to 37), p À. Patients with much disturbance at baseline measured by VAS experienced more subjective benefit of the operation measured by the distance between the mark on the VAS preoperatively and postoperatively, p À, Spearman correlation coefficient. Conclusion: Patients with considerable preoperative disturbance benefit more from an operation than those with less disturbance.