Background: Acute-phase proteins (APPs) are considered biomarkers for diagnoses, prognoses, and treatment and health status monitoring. Reference intervals (RIs) are an integral part of diagnostic laboratory testing and clinical decision-making. The RIs for neonatal lambs are lacking. Objective: This study aimed to determine the RIs of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and fibrinogen (Fb) concentrations in neonatal crossbred Kivircik lambs. Methods: The study consisted of 42 neonatal cross-bred Kivircik lambs. Physical examinations were performed daily, and blood samples were collected at 0 (precolostrum), 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of age. The RIs of SAA, Hp, Cp, and Fb concentrations were calculated according to the recommendation of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Results were also evaluated for age-and sex-related effects. Results: The RI for serum Hp was 0-0.4 g/L, and no apparent effect of age or sex was noted. Because of significant age-and sex-related differences, the SAA (0.34-55.12 µg/mL), Cp (2.4-26.07 mg/mL), and Fb (218.86-527.82 mg/mL) results were given as minimum and maximum values. Serum SAA on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days of life, and Cp and Fb concentrations on the 14th and 21st days of life, were significantly higher than those on other study days. Conclusions: This study is the first to establish RIs for neonatal lambs, and the values obtained could be useful for making clinical decisions regarding cross-bred Kivircik lambs during this critical period.
Hepatozoon is a genus of protozoa belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. Ticks are the vectors for the members of this genus. The protozoans infect a wide variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The domestic and wild felids are also susceptible to Hepatozoon infection. A five-year-old female cat was presented to the Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Animal Hospital, with a 1-month history of inappetence and weight loss. In a physical examination, weakness, depression, anorexia, lymphadenopathy, icteric mucous membranes, abdominal distension, and fever were detected. Laboratory analysis revealed anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and increased serum total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin concentrations. Hepatozoonosis was diagnosed by the observation of Hepatozoon spp. gamonts within neutrophils in Giemsa-stained blood smears and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This is the first report about the molecular identification of hepatozoonosis in a cat from Turkey.
The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of cats with obstructive FLUTD in Aydin Province (Turkey) and the relationship of these features with short-(<36 hours) and long-term (≥36 hours) obstructions. A total of 27 adult cats of different breeds and ages with obstructive FLUTD were included in the study. Of these, 19 had short-term (Group 1), and 8 had long-term (Group 2) urethral obstruction history and clinical findings. Most of the cats with urethral obstruction were male, a mean age of 4.32±0.6 and cross-breed. Regarding the baseline characteristics, no obvious differences between the two groups. Besides localized symptoms such as dysuria, stranguria, oliguria/anuria, polysystemic findings such as dehydration, vomiting, and lethargy were statistically more frequent in the Group 2 cats compared to the Group 1. Pyuria, haematuria and proteinuria were the most common findings in the urinalysis. In cats with long-term obstruction (Group 2), azotemia and hyperkalemia were relatively severe and common. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that clinicopathological changes in cats with urethral obstruction are related to the duration of the obstruction. Considering the severity of both clinical findings and metabolic changes, emergency intervention in cats with urethral obstruction is of great importance.
This study aimed to evaluate the concentrations of α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid-A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) in healthy and various diseased cats and establish reference intervals (RIs) for these acute phase proteins (APPs) in healthy cats. The animal material of the study consisted of 40 healthy cats and 152 cats with various diseases. The serum APPs in the diseased group were higher than those in the healthy group, and age affected Cp concentration in healthy cats. Also, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) positive (+) group had significantly higher AGP concentrations than the SIRS negative (-) group. In conclusion, this study contributes to the limited number of studies on RIs in serum APPs concentrations in healthy cats. The results of this study suggest that APPs are valuable diagnostic tools for identifying the inflammatory processes of various diseases, and AGP concentration could help determine the severity of the inflammatory condition.
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