This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of systemic melatonin application on new bone formation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in rats. Mandibular DO was performed on 30 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CNT), melatonin dose 1 (MLT-D1), and melatonin dose 2 (MLT-D2). A five-day latent waiting period and a ten-day distraction phase followed the surgery. After the surgery, rats from the MLT-D1 and MLT-D2 groups received 25 and 50 mg/kg melatonin, respectively, at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. The animals were euthanised 28 days after distraction, i.e. at 43 days after surgery. Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that the distracted bone area was completely filled with new bone formation in all three groups. The MLT-D2 group exhibited the most new bone formation, followed by MLT-D1 and CNT. The melatonin groups had more osteoclasts than the CNT (p < 0.05). The number of osteoblasts was higher in the melatonin groups than in the CNT group, and the MLT-D2 had more osteoclasts than the MLT-D1 group (p < 0.05). Finally, the osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were higher in the melatonin groups than in the CNT group, and the MLT-D2 had higher OPN and VEGF levels than the MLT-D1 (p < 0.05). This study suggests that systemic melatonin application could increase new bone formation in DO.
This study involves real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis in batch baker's yeast fermentation. A specific Real Time Statistical Process Analysis and Control (RT-SPAC) program was developed to monitor instantaneous reaction conditions. The air flow rate fed to the reactor, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration in a laboratory-size fermenter were monitored and recorded by means of on-line sensors. Under control of the RT-SPAC program, 22 batch baker's yeast fermentation operations were carried out. In the first 20 operations, an ordinary process was followed under previously defined nominal operating conditions. Historical data collected from these batches were then used for online Dynamic Principal Component Analysis (DPCA) in the course of the following two batches. The last two batches were implemented such that some deliberate faults (in temperature and pH) were introduced during the operation. The results indicated that the software was capable of capturing the process faults, and furthermore the possible causes of these faults were identified by contribution plots.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neuromuscular electric stimulation applied to the erector spinae on balance, motor function and functional capacity in patients with stroke in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Sixty patients with stroke were recruited and randomly distributed into two groups: control group and neuromuscular electric stimulation group. All participants underwent conventional physical therapy five times a week for six weeks. The neuromuscular electric stimulation group received additional electrical stimulation. Outcome measures were evaluated with Brunnel Balance Assessment, Stroke Rehabilitation Movement Assessment, Functional Ambulation Classification, Adapted Patient Evaluation and Conference System, Postural Assesment Scale for Stroke patients, Short Form-36, and Minimental State Examination scales. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in all scores at the end of the study in both groups. Postural Assesment Scale for Stroke patients and Stroke Rehabilitation Movement Assessment scores were higher in the neuromuscular electric stimulation group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). All the other scores were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to evaluate and treat trunk muscle, which is usually neglected in treatment, and to consider the combination of conventional treatment and neuromuscular electric stimulation when designing an ideal rehabilitation program.
Aim: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis, is one of the most common joint diseases in our country and in the world. Hand joint involvement and functions are of the most important factors that determine the impacts of the disease on daily activities. We aimed to determine the impact of the disease on the daily life activities by comparing hand grip strength and joint range of motion in healthy individuals and patients.
Material and Method:In this study, 166 female were included; 52 of which are healthy female, 62 of which are female patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and 52 of which are female patients with Osteoarthritis. Grip and pinch strength were measured using the electronic hand and finger dynamometer. Standard and finger goniometer were used for range of motion measurement of wrist and fingers. Circumference and diameter of wrist and length of hand were measured with standard anthropometric measurement tools. Disability was scored by using health assessment questionnaire (HAQ).Results: Hand and finger grip strength, range of motion measurement of wrist and fingers, and measurement of wrist circumference and diameter values of all patients and healthy groups were found statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Hand length measurements of patients and healthy individuals there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). HAQ scores correlated negatively with grip and pinch strength were found in all individuals.
Conclusion:It was observed that the impairment of anatomical integrity, decreasing of grip and pinch strength, and pain affect independent daily life activities in the patients with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis.
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