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Abstract.Within neoliberal approaches to the study of International Relations there is a consensus that nongovernmental actors and their potential impact need to be studied more. This article examines how Estonian civil society organisations are acting as agents in the general Europeanisation processes. The framework within which they operate, the European Neighbourhood Policy and the EU-Russia Strategic Partnership, are both in theory open to participation by the third sector. The EU's foreign policy, being built up to such a large degree around notions of soft power, should also lend itself easily to the kinds of bottom-up approaches to spreading its influence, which civil society can help effecting. The empirical work shows, however, that due to both institutional and procedural obstacles, this sort of cooperation is not happening to a great extent, or is at least significantly hampered. On key issues and in terms of priorities the agendas of civil society organisations and traditional state actors also tend to diverge, with the former eager to pursue more normative charged policies, and the latter taking a more traditional approach. The state of civil society in the former Soviet Union also makes this style of policy more difficult. Thus the central argument of this article is that while civil society organisations do offer interesting avenues to explore, the EU has been far too unappreciative of the needs of civil society organisations, and has therefore not been able to fully utilise the resources they could potentially provide.

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The paper addresses issues specific to planning of water protection measures in transboundary water basins located on the external European Union border. The case study of the Lake Peipsi/Chudskoe, a large transboundary lake shared by Estonia and Russia, is used to demonstrate issues of management of transboundary waters on the Eastern European fringe. The author emphasizes the importance of managing transboundary water basins located on the EU external borders interactively, i.e., through regular communication and consultation among water experts, decision-makers and stakeholders involved in managing waters on transboundary, national and subbasin levels, and discusses difficulties in, and opportunities for, the interactive management of transboundary waters on the EU external borders.