Background Cellulite is a common dermatological condition with a female preponderance, affecting up to 90% post‐pubertal females. It is characterized with dimpling and denting of the skin surface, giving it a Peau d'orange appearance. Once considered to be a benign physiological isolated skin condition of only an esthetic concern, cellulite is now considered a pathological entity with systemic associations and a negative psychological impact on patients. Aims The objective of this article was to discuss etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of cellulite. Materials and methods Literature was screened to retrieve articles from PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar and related websites. Cross‐references from the relevant articles were also considered for review. Review articles, clinical studies, systematic reviews, meta‐analysis, and relevant information from selected websites were included. Results Several treatment options from lifestyle modifications and topical cosmetic therapies to energy‐based devices have been studied for its treatment. However, treatment remains a challenge despite many new modalities in the armamentarium. Laser and light therapies along with radiofrequency are useful treatment options with good safety profile. Acoustic wave therapy, subcision, and 1440‐nm Nd:YAG minimally invasive laser are beneficial in cellulite reduction. Discussion Methodological differences in the trials conducted make it difficult to compare different treatment modalities. Conclusion Overall, treatment needs to be individualized based on the patient characteristics and severity of the condition. A combination of treatments is often required in most patients for reducing cellulite.
has spread rapidly throughout the world, and World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a health emergency, and most recently, pandemic. 1 More than 100 countries including developed and underdeveloped ones have been affected. Public health approach and strategies may be similar in such situations around the world; however, developing and poor countries lack an adequate health care system to wage a strong attack. 2The approach of developed countries such as China and Italy to detect and isolate cases, prevent transmission, and detect susceptible hosts has been encouraging. 3 It includes quarantine, social distancing, and isolation. However, such strategy is difficult to follow in developing countries, due to lack of surveillance resources, appropriate technology, and funds. In addition, the poorer countries carry a higher risk
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has changed the homeostasis of the medical world. In this critical phase, in addition to the general recommendations issued by World Health Organization (WHO) for medical practitioners and health care givers, certain other precautions and safe care practices need to be emphasized which are unique to each branch of medicine. Aesthetic dermatology is no exception. With aesthetic treatments on the rise, it is pertinent to formulate safe practices for aesthetic dermatology to protect the doctor, health staff and the patients from getting exposed during this phase and in the aftermath of the pandemic. Recommendations for surgical and dental procedures advice to defer such procedures. This can be extrapolated to aesthetic dermatology also, but once health care services start, there should be some safety recommendations to be followed until we have definitive management or a vaccine for it.
Background Axillary hyperhidrosis characterized by excessive sweating in the axillary regions is a frustrating chronic autonomic disorder leading to social embarrassment, impaired quality of life and usually associated with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. Identifying the condition and its cause is central to the management. Aim The aim of this article is to discuss treatment options for axillary hyperhidrosis. Methods Comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to review relevant published articles related to diagnosis and treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. Results Treatment modalities for axillary hyperhydrosis vary from topical and systemic agents to injectables, newer devices and surgical measures. None except for physical measures using devices or surgery, which destroys the sweat glands to remove them, is possibly permanent and most are associated with attendant side effects. Conclusion Several treatments including medical and surgical option are available for the treatment of axillary hyperhydrosis. Patient education is important component of its management. Individualized approach of management is necessary for optimal outcome of treatment.
Background: Psoriasis continues to have unmet needs in its management despite introduction of newer molecules. Monotherapy with these newer agents may not achieve therapeutic goals in all cases, hence necessitating their combinations with other molecules. Improved understanding of newer as well as conventional treatment modalities and experiences in their combinations hence necessitates therapeutic guidelines for their use in psoriasis.Objective: To review the combinations of treatments reported in literature and recommendations for their use based on best current evidence in literature.Methods: A literature review of MEDLINE database for studies evaluating combinations of newer therapies with conventional therapies in psoriasis was done. Newer therapies were identified as biologic disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs and other molecules such as apremilast while conventional therapies included methotrexate, cyclosporine, or retinoids, phototherapy and others. The therapeutic guidelines are proposed with the aim to provide evidenced based approach to combine newer and conventional agents in day-to-day psoriasis management.Findings: Combination of acitretin and narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB)/Psoralen with ultraviolet A (PUVA) achieves faster clearance and allows reduction of dose of the latter. A variable outcome is reported of methotrexate with TNF-α inhibitors vs. TNF-α inhibitors alone, although addition of methotrexate appears to reduce immunogenicity of TNF-α inhibitors thereby preventing formation of anti-drug antibodies especially in case of infliximab. While combination of acitretin and PUVA is beneficial, combining TNF-α inhibitors and phototherapy too produces better and faster results but long term risks of Non Melanoma Skin Cancers (NMSCs) may preclude their use together. Combination of cyclosporine and phototherapy is not recommended due to greater chances of NMSCs. Adding phototherapy to Fumaric Acid Esters (FAEs) improves efficacy. Apremilast can be safely combined with available biologic agents in patients with plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis not responding adequately to biologics alone. Hydroxyurea and acitretin may be used together increasing their efficacy and reducing doses of both and hence their adverse effects.Conclusion: Selected clinical scenarios shall benefit from combinations therapies, improving efficacy of both conventional and newer agents and at the same time helping reduce toxicity of higher dosages when used individually.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.