Walking is a critical mode to be encouraged in sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs). However, the lack of analysis methodology is making it challenging to detect walkability aspects necessary to develop better policies. Middle East Technical University (METU) Campus was designed with a pedestrian-friendly layout which has been threatened recently by different factors (i.e. enlargement of the campus, changing traffic volumes, etc.). This necessitated further investatigation of walking and walkability in the campus, which was the main scope of the most recent survey, designed to investigate a) pedestrian perspective and b) walking limits on campus. While the former was investigated via traditional questions, the latter was sought after via map-based 1844 routes from 623 participating students. Besides the descriptive statistics performed by the responses to the traditional evaluation questions, the route-based data resulted in enriched analyses, proving the power of the latter in evaluating walkability, which has a spatial variation by nature. Consideration of both traditional survey approach accompanied by the route-based investigations enabled the development of a more comprehensive understanding of walkability of the study area, which should be used in evaluation of pedestrian mobility in urban pedestrian analysis zones, i.e. city centers, metro station capture zones, campuses, etc.
Pricing preferences for High Speed Rail trips Calculation of Value of Time Binary logit model High Speed Rail (HSR), a new intercity passenger mode in Turkey, has high travel time reduction potential, which gives competitive power against both road and air travel modes. Currently, there are four lines connecting seven cities and three HSR lines under construction. Figure A. Improvement of chevron over traditional layout under central dense flow policy Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate the preferability of HSR in terms of i) pricing evaluation based on users' perspective and ii) Value of Time (VoT) calculations based on logistic models. The results of the study was expected to contribute to the accumulation of knowledge on pricing of HSR for the future HSR lines. Method: In the scope of the study, a face-to-face passenger survey was conducted with 421 HSR passenger. The survey included questions on preferability of HSR for different pricing levels compared to bus and airway ticket prices. Also, a question about the alternative mode preference in the case of no-HSR scenario for the realized trip enabled to develop logistic model and VoT calculation. In addition to the traditional logistic models, cost damping analyses were also included in this study to investigate the non-linear aspects of VoT. To consider the variability in the air fares, models were repeated with two different airway pricing options as a) average of low-cost economy class ticket price (Alternative A) and b) average ticket price for all airway services (Alternative B). Results: The results showed that pricing at intercity bus ticket level is a factor increasing the preferability of HSR. If HSR ticket price is more than bus ticket price, 60% of the HSR users stated to prefer HSR, while only 40% stated preference, if HSR is priced equal to air ticket prices. Binary logit models developed suggested travel time reduction as a major factor affecting HSR choice. It was determined that VoT estimations using the binary logit models vary among both HSR lines and different traveler groups. Conclusion: Evaluation of the VoT values from different utility functions produced results parallel to those in the existing literature. Shorter lines (such as ANK-ESK and ANK-KON) predicted a higher VoT value than longer lines. VoT values were found to be close to the hourly cost of airway transportation. As HSR services currently priced close to bus ticket prices, VoT values were much above the level of pricing preferences. Nevertheless, these high VoT values were still close to values assumed in major transportation projects recently constructed/contracted (i.e. Osmangazi Bridge which provided a 1.5-hr travel time reduction and had very high toll values even after significant subsidizing).
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