The development of urban tourism ensures preservation and expansion of valuable ecosystems and increases the level of ecological culture, which provides saving attitude to the environment. The preconditions of ecotourism development in cities are analyzed. The method for evaluation of ecotourist potential is proposed and tested on the example of Kyiv. The parameters for the selection and evaluation of the objects that can be used for ecotourism organization are considered.
This paper presents the results of a contingent valuation for evaluating environmental quality in the Atatü rk Urban Forest of Bursa, Turkey. The environmental quality parameter under investigation at this recreational site is congestion. Congestion is an important externality having impacts on visitors' welfare at this site. Two distinct models were employed in this study. A qualitative response model was employed to find covariate effects depending on shifting congestion levels. The other model used was the survivor model. The survivor model brings new insights to congestion pricing literature to find the mean willingness to pay for shifting congestion levels changing from level-I to level-V. It is a useful method for congestion pricing when covariate impacts are not important for the analyst. According to the survivor model results, respondents evaluated congestion level-I, which is the lowest congestion level, with an amount of USD 32.08 per visit. The value of congestion level-V, which is highest congestion level, was USD 4.34 per visit. If these amounts are aggregated into total visit rates, they correspond to USD 2,245,600 and USD 303,800 for congestion levels-I and V, respectively. Differences between these values are welfare losses of this public good. The outcomes of this paper may help policy-makers resolve environmental management issues.
In Turkey, as in many other nations, there have been many urban flood disasters in recent years, and the greatest impact has often been on informal settlements. This paper reports on interviews with households who were affected by two floods in 2010 in two settlements in Bursa. Interviewees discussed why they lived there, the main problems they experienced, the factors that increased flood damage, the measures they took after the floods to minimize future flood impacts, the costs they incurred and where responsibility for disaster mitigation/ preparedness lay. The conclusions emphasize the need for far more attention to disaster risk reduction and to working with low-income communities to identify how best such disaster risk reduction can be planned and implemented.
Today, many studies have been carried out to support community engagement in planning and urban design processes in Turkey. This study which tries to bring together community engagement and urban design within the framework of sustainability of cultural heritage sites is a part of a scientific research project which aims to create a participative model to develop an urban design guideline for the Hanlar District, a historical commercial district including many inns in the city centre of Bursa, in Turkey. While a series of community engagement techniques were experimented during the project process, the aim of this article is to examine the potential benefits of using educational charrettes as a kind of design charrette to establish a participatory and competitive platform including public, private, voluntary actors and local people in urban design process of heritage sites. It overviews the charrette use in developing adaptive re-use and urban design schemes for the inns and their surrounding public spaces which are not actively used in the Hanlar District which has
The foundations of Westernization Movement in Turkey were laid in late Ottoman Empire. Following the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the proclamation of the republic, urban space became highly important and modernist architects from the west planned a large number of Turkish cities. The concept of urban park was introduced and parks became significant components of modern life in this period. Bursa, too, was influenced by this movement; it was planned by western planners and an urban park was built. However, the meaning of urban parks within the ideal of modern life in Turkey and in Bursa has changed over time. This study is based on urban development periods in Turkey and it presents the change Bursa Kültürpark in Bursa, the early modern city of Turkey, underwent during the process from modernization to globalization.
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