Background: Herbal teas are produced and sold in packaged or unpackaged forms all over the world. The aim of this study was microbial evaluation of Turkish herbal teas before and after infusion in boiled water. Methods: A total of 20 packaged and unpackaged samples of Turkish herbal teas, including chamomile, salvia, green, mix, apple, mate, ginger, linden, fennel, and senna tea were collected. All of the samples were analyzed before and after infusion in hot water (~100 °C). Microbiological analyses were performed with tenfold serial dilution for yeast-mold, Salmonella, and Cronobacter sakazakii after enrichment by using the spread-on-plate method on selective agar. Data were statistically analyzed by using Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013 Excel software. Results: Three out of the 20 tea samples (15%) were contaminated with C. sakazakii. None of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. No significant difference was found in occurrence of C. sakazakii before and after infusion of the samples (p>0.05). Mold and yeast contamination were found in 12 out of 20 teas samples (60%). No statistical significance (p>0.05) was found between the mold-yeast contents of the unpackaged and packaged herbal teas. After infusion, neither mold nor yeast was observed in any of the samples. Conclusion: All of the herbal teas in this research were found to be within the microbiological limits for consumption according to Turkish Food Codex. However, the microbiological results highlighted the need for quality control of senna tea during production to eliminate the risk of C. sakazakii contamination.
Summary Plants have been used to prepare herbal infusions for centuries. Production of herbal tea consists of several steps, beginning with harvesting, cleaning form residues, drying, storage of herb in a suitable material, grinding, and blending. Te plants grow in different regions and climatic conditions, varying by their physical properties. They are consumed for different purposes and due to their chemical constituents. Many of them have therapeutic effects. Besides their various benefits and even antimicrobial effects, they also carry some microorganisms. Thus, the botanical characteristics and effects on the health of frequently consumed herbal teas and recommendations on their consumption with considered microbial risks are reviewed in this article.
Introduction: Deficiencies of some micronutrients have been observed in chronic fatigue syndrome patients, but the underlying cause has not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between CFS and micronutrients. Methods: Related articles searched the combinations of the following terms which were used for the search in the Web of Science database: “Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” OR “Chronic Fatigue-Fibromyalgia Syndrome” OR “Postviral Fatigue Syndrome” AND “vitamins” OR “minerals” OR “micronutrients”. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Results: The initial search resulted in 225 studies, with 11 studies fully meeting the inclusion criteria. In these studies, it has been shown that micronutrients may play a role in the etiology of CFS, and that supplemented micronutrients can positively affect the symptoms of CFS. Conclusion: Although there seems to be a close relationship between CFS-related syndromes and nutritional status, the literature on this subject remains limited. The results of the studies were not compatible with each other due to differences in the studies. Therefore, new studies are needed to fully explain the relationship between CFS and micronutrients.
Objective: Failure to maintain blood sugar control over a long period of time in diabetic patients may cause impairment of kidney functions. In addition to uremic symptoms, impaired glucose metabolism causes difficulties in obtaining adequate nutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the possible impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on the nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) patients.Methods: Patients between the ages of 18-65 who received HD treatment regularly were included in this study. A demographic characteristics questionnaire was applied to the patients and two 24-hour food recall records were obtained. The patient's height, dry weight and fluid gain were taken from their files.Results: This study was conducted with a total of 275 HD patients, 33.1% with and 66.9% without diabetes. The median values of dietary energy (18.2 kcal/kg), carbohydrate (2.1 g/kg), protein (46.2 g/kg) and fat (0.7 g/kg) intake of the non-diabetic group was found to be higher (p<0.05). The median of BMI was found higher in the T2DM group than the non-diabetic group (p<0.05). A weak positive correlation was found between the duration of HD (years) and carbohydrate intake in patients with T2DM (p<0.05) and a very weak positive correlation between the hemoglobin levels and duration of hemodialysis in the non-diabetic group (p<0.05).Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that although HD patients with T2DM have less energy intake, their BMI was higher; in addition, over time, a decrease in dietary compliance triggers a deterioration in biochemical parameters.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.