The real-time scheduling theory provides analytical methods to assess the temporal predictability of embedded systems. Nevertheless, their use is limited in a Model-Based Systems Engineering approach. In fact, the large number of applicability conditions makes the use of real-time scheduling analysis tedious and error-prone. Key issues are left to the engineers: when to apply a real-time scheduling analysis? What to do with the analysis results? This article presents an approach to systematize and then automate the analysis of non-functional properties in Model-Based Systems Engineering. First, preconditions and postconditions define the applicability of an analysis. In addition, contracts specify the analysis interfaces, thereby enabling to reason about the analysis process. We present a proof-of-concept implementation of our approach using a combination of constraint languages (REAL for run-time analysis) and specification languages (Alloy for describing interfaces and reasoning about them). This approach is experimented on architectural models written with the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL).
Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is a relevant approach to support the engineering of distributed embedded systems with performance and dependability constraints. MDE involves models definitions and transformations to cover most of the system life-cycle: design, implementation and Verification & Validation activities towards system qualification. Still, few works evaluate the early integration of performance evaluation based on architectural models. In this paper, we investigate the early-stage use of analysis in AADL modeling. Precisely, we exemplify on an avionics case study how to dimension the data flows for an application distributed over an AFDX network. Based on the insight from this study, we suggest a simple framework and associated techniques to efficiently support analysis activities in the early-stage design phases.
Abstract-In the design of real-time systems, models are usual artifacts to capture and represent the various features of the system. They are later analyzed to check for their correctness. A key issue is to handle models and analyses in a systematic, consistent and efficient way. This paper presents an approach for the systematic and correct execution of analyses on real-time system models along with a proof-of-concept.The contribution aims at 1) directing the analyses targeting goals and 2) using contracts to reason about models, analyses and goals. An example of goal is to enrich a model with missing information or to obtain precise data to conclude about the system quality. In our approach, contracts are used to formally depict both the properties required and provided by the analyses ; but also models and goals. Through the concept of contracts, we identify all the feasible paths to execute the analyses in order to reach a goal.
Brau, Guillaume and Navet, Nicolas and Hugues, Jérôme Heterogeneous models and analyses in the design of realtime embedded systems -an avionic case-study. (2017) ABSTRACTThe development of embedded systems according to Model-Driven Development relies on two complementary activities: system modeling on the one hand and analysis of the non-functional properties, such as timing properties, on the other hand. Yet, the coupling between models and analyses remains largely disregarded so far: e.g. how to apply an analysis on a model? How to manage the analysis process? This paper presents an application of our research on this topic. In particular, we show that our approach makes it possible to combine heterogeneous models and analyses in the design of an avionic system. We use two languages to model the system at different levels of abstraction: the industry standard AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language) and the more recent implementation-oriented CPAL language (Cyber-Physical Action Language). We then combine different real-time scheduling analyses so as to gradually define the task and network parameters and finally validate the schedulability of all activities of the system.
Abstract-Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) support modeling and analysis of systems through models transformation and exploration. Various contributions made proposals to bring verification capabilities to designers through model-based frameworks and illustrated benefits to the overall system quality.Model-level analyses are usually performed as an exogenous, unidirectional and semantically weak transformation towards a third-party model. We claim such process can be incomplete and/or inefficient because gathered results lead to evolution of the primary model. This is particularly problematic for the design of Distributed Real-Time Embedded (DRE) systems that has to tackle many concerns like time, security or safety.In this paper, we argue why analysis should no longer be considered as a side step in the design process but, rather, should be embedded as a first-class citizen in the model itself. We review several standardized architecture description languages, which consider analysis as a goal. As an element of solution, we introduce current work on the definition of a language dedicated to the analysis of models within the scope of one particular ADL, namely the Architecture Analysis and Design Language (AADL).
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