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Background: Spina bifida is a congenital disease that occurs due to incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube. It results in impacts of a wide variety of extensions, in different systems and levels of neurological changes, which define its prognosis. Objectives: To report the number of hospitalizations of the disease in different social sectors to establish a link between etiology and health promotion. Methods: Analytical epidemiological study carried out by research at DATASUS based on the number of hospitalizations of patients with spina bifida in Brazil, between January / 2012 to December / 2020, associated with the incidence of the age group, region, sex and deaths in the country. Results: The total number of hospitalizations between the years 2012 to 2020 was 9566, with 2015 being the year with the most hospitalizations, 1205. The Northeast region had the highest percentage of hospitalizations with 45%. About the gender, there is little difference, with 49.05% female and 50.94% male. The age group, the most prevalent is the one younger than 1 year (63.28%). Regarding the number of deaths, the northeast region stood out with 47% of deaths, followed by the southeast region with 27%. In addition, the age group with a predominance of deaths 74.5% was that of less than 1 year. Conclusion:This congenital malformation acts as an important cause of neonatal mortality and a risk factor for infant morbidity. Therefore, the need for public agencies to act is evident, since it is a change that can be prevented.
Many women only find out that they have HIV when they are pregnant and perform the tests in the prenatal period, while some become aware in the postpartum, where the tests are also performed on the baby to detect the positive serum, taking into account that not all pregnant women perform these tests during pregnancy or, in some cases, do not have at least the knowledge of their condition until the time of delivery. This is documentary research, which aims to trace the epidemiological profile of seropositive pregnant women, who attended and conceived their children in a reference maternity for high-risk delivery in the South Fluminense Region - RJ. Method: data collection in the medical records of pregnant women with HIV registered between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: it was evidenced that all the pregnant women in the research have a low socioeconomic situation, level of education up to high school, predominates the age group of up to 30 years, brown in color, and do not have a defined occupation. Conclusion: the epidemiological profile of pregnant women has changed. On the other hand, over the years studies and treatments have been developed to reduce vertical transmission of HIV and ensure that the baby has a better quality of life. Brazil, through the Ministry of Health, has invested in women's health care policies, creating prenatal care protocols with the provision of kits for HIV serology testing, to increasingly contribute to the eradication of vertical transmission of this infection.
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