The bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is an exotic fruit that has adapted very well to the Brazilian soils, and can be found on practically all regions. Several advantages related to consumption of this fruit can be reported, highlighting its antifungal activity, reduction of glycemic indexes, and also due to the content of natural pigments, such as lycopene and β-carotene, making it promising as a functional food. Based on the demand for foods of this nature, this research aimed at the biometric characterization, physicochemical, bioactive compounds and the pulp and seeds’ antioxidant capacity of bitter melon, collected in the southwest region of Goias. The fruits were collected from plants inside a native vegetation area on Campus Rio Verde at the Instituto Federal Goiano, and the evaluations were carried out from October 2020 to April 2021. The fruits showed high variability in dimensions and weight, high concentrations of flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity. According to results, the bitter melon can be used as a raw material to develop food formulations with functional characteristics and drugs potentially effective in the treatment of diabetes and diseases caused by oxidative processes.
________________________________________________________________________________ ResumoDiariamente volumosas quantidades de resíduos de melancia são produzidas ainda na colheita. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a produção, o rendimento e as características físico-químicas da pectina de (Citrullus lanatus) cultivar Crimson Sweet Extra através da otimização por experimento Box-Behnken. O planejamento composto central rotacional com quatro pontos axiais e três repetições no ponto central com as variáveis concentrações ácida, tempo e temperatura. A extração da pectina foi realizada com 5 g da farinha da entrecasca para 150 mL de solução de ácido cítrico, a precipitação foi realizada utilizando 150 mL de etanol. As pectinas obtidas apresentaram-se de baixa esterificação, alto teor de ácidos galacturônicos e alta pureza. Palavras-chave: Grau de esterificação. Ácido galacturônico. Resíduo agrícola. 44Rev. Agr. Acad., v.3, n.1, Jan/Fev (2020) AbstractDaily large quantities of watermelon waste are still produced at harvest. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production, yield and physicochemical characteristics of pectin (Citrullus lanatus) grow crops Crimson Sweet Extra by optimization by Box-Behnken experiment. The central rotational composite design with four axial points and three repetitions at the central point with the acid concentrations, time and temperature variables. Extraction of pectin was performed with 5 g of the starch flour to 150 mL of citric acid solution, precipitation was performed using 150 mL of ethanol. The pectins obtained were of low esterification, high content of galacturonic acids and high purity.
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