Changes in wheelchair configuration can influence the ergonomics of manual wheelchair propulsion. Reducing the biomechanical loads may benefit users' mobility, independence and social participation.
sustenta na ciência e nos conhecimentos adquiridos com os avanços tecnológicos, visando o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e uma melhor compreensão de seus usuários. Uma das importantes áreas que o Design se aliou é a neurociência. Esta foi capaz de revelar novas possibilidades para conhecer e compreender melhor a natureza da cognição e da conduta humana. Deste modo, a neurociência proporciona uma alternativa cientifica para explicar o comportamento das pessoas durante o uso de produtos e sistemas. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a aplicação da neurociência nas disciplinas de marketing, ergonomia e design, além de estabelecer uma reflexão introdutória a respeito da incorporação da neurociência no design nas esferas acadêmica e profissional, além de estabelecer uma reflexão introdutória a respeito da incorporação da neurociência no design nas esferas acadêmica e profissional.
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[Purpose] This study was aimed at investigating the influence of seat height and body
posture on the activity of the superior trapezius and longissimus muscles. [Subjects and
Methods] Twenty two healthy subjects were instructed to perform a total of eight different
body postures, varying according three main factors: seat height (low and high seat);
trunk inclination (upright and leaning forward at 45°); and the hips in abduction and
adduction. Electromyography of the superior trapezius and longissimus was collected
bilaterally, and the average values were obtained and compared across all the postures.
[Results] The activity of the superior trapezius and longissimus significantly changes
according to the seat height and trunk inclination. For both seat heights, sitting with
trunk leaning forward resulted in a significant increase in the activity of both muscles.
When sitting in a high seat and the trunk leaning forward, the superior trapezius activity
was significantly reduced when compared to the same posture in a low seat. [Conclusion]
This study contributes to the knowledge on the influence of the body posture and seat
configuration on the activity of postural muscles. Reducing the biomechanical loads on the
postural muscles must be targeted in order to improve users’ comfort and safety.
Accessing physical prototypes is possible to test an idea quickly with models that look like the final product. Rapid Prototyping (RP) based on additive or subtractive technology permit to conduct trial tests of usability in order to avoid errors and failures before the final product production. Those technologies are increasingly in orthosis's production. Ergonomics field involved in the design process with RP can facilitate usability tests providing comfort, safety, and performance in the development of orthoses. The objective of this study is to review, accessing the specialized literature, the use of RP for prototypes' production for user's evaluation of orthoses. The results showed that the most common technique used was FDM. Half of the studies involved user's participation or evaluation in the design processes, although, only three out of thirty-eight studies used RP to proof of concept's production, indicating little use of proof-of-concepts models.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo procurar e analisar os aspectos que estão sendo tratados nas pesquisas científicas relacionadas à área da Ergonomia e o Design. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizadas técnicas de pesquisa bibliométrica dentro da base de dados da Scopus, dos trabalhos científicos relacionados a Design e Ergonomia correspondentes aos anos 2010 até 2015, a fim de orientar estudos que precisem encontrar trabalhos científicos nesta área de atuação além de encontrar qual o caminho que a pesquisa no tema vem tomando nos últimos anos, bem como as mudanças e tendências futuras desta linha de pesquisa.
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