No abstract

No abstract

A 5-day method for determining the soluble silicon (Si) concentrations in nonliquid fertilizer products was developed using a sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)-ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) extractant followed by visible spectroscopy with heteropoly blue analysis at 660 nm. The 5-Day Na2CO3-NH4NO3 Soluble Si Extraction Method can be applied to quantify the plant-available Si in solid fertilizer products at levels ranging from 0.2 to 8.4% Si with an LOD of 0.06%, and LOQ of 0.20%. This Si extraction method for fertilizers correlates well with plant uptake of Si (r2 = 0.96 for a range of solid fertilizers) and is applicable to solid Si fertilizer products including blended products and beneficial substances. Fertilizer materials can be processed as received using commercially available laboratory chemicals and materials at ambient laboratory temperatures. The single-laboratory validation of the 5-Day Na2CO3-NH4NO3 Soluble Si Extraction Method has been approved by The Association of American Plant Food Control Officials for testing nonliquid Si fertilizer products.

ABSTRACT.In this study, we tested the hypothesis that pyrogenic carbon (biochar) has properties that enable it to replace fresh organic matter (cattle manure) in seedling substrates. These properties include specific electrophysiological interactions in soil-plant media, stability and longevity. The experiment was conducted in the nursery at the State University of Mato Grosso, located in the municipality of Nova Xavantina, between April and June 2011. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with ten treatments and four replicates, including a commercial substrate. Linear regression analysis showed a strong positive relationship between manure treatments and number of leaves, fresh and dry biomass, diameter, height and Dickson Quality Index at 30 and 40 days after sowing (DAS), with the exception of height at 30 DAS. There was no significant relationship for biochar dosage in any assessment for these parameters. The use of substrates with different dosages of cattle manure resulted in an increase of seedling quality compared to biochar and commercial substrates. The hypothesis that biochar can be substituted for fresh organic matter and is more stable in the substrate was not supported.

A disponibilidade de fósforo é influenciada por vários atributos do solo que afetam a resposta das culturas à sua aplicação, incluindo o manejo. Foi conduzido um experimento a campo, no período de 1998 a 2003, na fazenda experimental Água Limpa da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), em Uberlândia-MG, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do multifosfato magnesiano, em diferentes doses de P2O5, aplicado em pré-semeadura, a lanço, na cultura da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], ao longo de cinco anos agrícolas, em sistema plantio direto. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (doses de P2O5) e três repetições. Foram aplicadas quatro doses de P2O5 (0, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1), utilizando o multifosfato magnesiano. Foram avaliados o rendimento de grãos, o teor de P foliar, e o P no solo (efeito residual). Este último, nos anos 2000/2001, 2001/2002 e 2002/2003. O rendimento de grãos da soja respondeu significativamente, de forma quadrática, ao aumento de doses de P2O5 a lanço em pré-semeadura em todos os cultivos sucessivos. O teor de P no solo aumentou linearmente de um ano de cultivo para o outro.