The background and recent breakthroughs in the single-electron-transfer (SET) reactions with trivalent tertiary phosphines are summarized and discussed in detail, and an outlook in the developments within this field is provided.
Scheme 4. Scope of Enals 1 and Pyranone Dienones 7 a a Yields are isolated yields after purification by column chromatography. dr values were determined by 1 H NMR on the crude reaction mixture. er values were determined via HPLC on the chiral stationary phase. The absolute configuration of 8b was determined via X-ray analysis of its single crystals.
A carbene-catalyzed formal umpolung of Donor-Acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes is disclosed. The cyclopropane moiety is connected to an acetyl aldehyde that can be activated by a carbene catalyst. The initially electrophilic...
A chiral NHC-catalyzed [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction is developed for the efficient synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4b]pyridones in generally excellent yields and optical purities. The R, S, and racemic forms of these molecules are systematically studied via in vitro tests that detect antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum f ructicola. Chiral compounds (R)-3i, (R)-3j, and (R)-3p are identified to have excellent inhibitory effects against P. capsici and C. f ructicola.
The facile syntheses of multicyclic molecules through multi-step cascade reactions with N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed LUMO activation strategies are summarized. The reaction mechanisms involved in these cascade catalytic transformations are also provided and discussed. The review article is arranged according to the reaction starting materials that are used for the NHC-catalytic activation processes.
A photoredox defluorinative silylation of α-trifluoromethyl arylalkenes for rapid access to useful gem-difluoroalkenes is disclosed. The stable and easily prepared silacarboxylic acids are used as the silyl radical precursors via a photocatalytic decarboxylative process. The mild conditions and operational simplicity make our method a straightforward strategy to construct gem-difluoroalkenes bearing various functional groups and a powerful strategy to incorporate gem-difluoroalkene moiety into natural products and drug molecules.
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