4.

FECS is a rare clinical entity and can be easily missed in routine clinical examination. We suggest that patients, especially children, with clicking or crackling tinnitus should be evaluated for FECS using proper diagnostic tools. A possible mechanism of FECS in children postulated from our case review is suggested.

Background and ObjectivesDifferences in morphology of auricular keloids possibly contribute to distinct results of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics of the auricular keloids according to the modified Chang-Park classification and to compare the results of treatment including recurrence rate between the subgroups.Subjects and MethodsClinical data of 15 patients of auricular keloids were retrospectively reviewed. The keloids were classified according to modified Chang-Park classification. Clinical characteristics, the presence of recurrence, and the duration required for the recurrence were compared.ResultsEight out of 15 patients (53.3%) were single sessile type (type II), followed by 4 patients of pedunculated type, 1 patient of multiple sessile type, 1 patient of buried type, and 1 patient of mixed type, respectively. Recurrent keloids after previous surgeries were noted in 7 out of 15 patients and most of them (6 of 7, 85.7%) were sessile type. Three patients who underwent surgery at our department showed recurrence.ConclusionsThe classification of auricular keloids according to morphologic patterns can assist surgeons in choosing the appropriate management.

No abstract

Stability of cut-slope, the orientation and dimension of which are gradually changed, has been analyzed by employing the cross-section method capable of comprehensibly considering the lithological, structural and mechanical characteristics of slope rock. Lithological fragility is investigated by inspecting the drilled core logs and BIPS image has been taken to delineate the rock structure. Engineering properties of drilled-core including the joint shear strength have been also measured. Potential failure modes of cut-slope and failure-induced joints are identified by performing the stereographic projection analysis. Traces of potential failure-induced joints are drawn on the cross-section which depicts the excavated geometry of cut-slope. Considering the distribution of potential plane failure-induced joint traces blocks of plane failure mode are hypothetically formed. The stabilities and required reinforcements of plane failure blocks located at the different excavation depth have been calculated to confirm the applicability of the cross-section method for the optimum cut-slope design.

A behavior of ridge-cut rock slope had been monitored by installing inclinometers and regional slope movement toward rear side of cut face was detected. To delineate the governing factors of slope behavior, especially backward slip of ridge-cut slope, petrographic characteristics of rock cores obtained from four drilled boreholes had been examined. BIPS images inside boreholes had been acquired and structural characteristics of slope rock had been studied. Mechanical properties of discontinuity planes distributed in the drilled core had been measured and the shear strength of coal seam imbedded-discontinuity planes also had been obtained by performing the direct shear test. Monitoring results of slope behavior had been analyzed by comprehensibly considering both the mechanical and structural characteristics of slope rock and coal seam-imbedded discontinuity planes, and the potential governance of coal seam and clay minerals embedded in the joint plane on the regional slope behavior has been also identified.

We propose DSR (Directional Shadow Registration) that a new approach for seamless VoIP services. The core of DSR is to reduce the interdomain handoff delay and disruption time in VoIP service in mobile/wireless environments, and is to prevent unnecessary traffic by shadow registration at neighboring cells wit a high probability of handoff. DSR is established security association (SA) between the MN and AAA server (AAAF) in neighboring domain before the actual handoff occurs. To meet this end, DSR includes technique and algorithm for organizing DSRR (DSR Region) that reduces disruption and unnecessary traffic. We are introduced a cell division scheme, and decided minimal DSRR. DSRR can sensed the optimal time for handoff through Regional Cell Division and applied Direction Vector (DV) obtained through Directional Cell Sectoring. By adopting the concept of DS, message exchange between nodes within the intradomain can be processed in interdomain environment. In addition, traffic that occurs at every handoff happened twice in DSR compared to n (the number of neighboring cells) times in previous researches.