Thermoplastic
polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites incorporated with
polydopamine functionalized graphene nanoplatelet (PDA-GNP) were prepared
by in situ polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
results indicated that the addition of PDA-GNP could promote the formation
of hydrogen bonding and microphase separation. The microstructure
obtained from small-angle neutron scattering indicated that the addition
of PDA-GNP increased the number while significantly it decreased the
size of hard microdomains. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated
that PDA-GNP exhibited strong interfacial interactions with TPU matrix.
In particular, the tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness
of TPU/PDA-GNP with as low as 0.5 wt % PDA-GNP increased by 313, 16,
and 279%, respectively. This individualized phenomenon was attributed
to the abundant covalent bonding between PDA-GNP and TPU resulting
in strong interfacial interactions and good compatibility specifically
associated with the changes of TPU microstructure.
By
combining extensional rheological and in situ small-angle
neutron and synchrotron X-ray scattering (SANS, SR-SAXS) techniques,
the correlation between chain deformation and morphology of nucleus
in a lightly cross-linked deuterated PE (D-PE)/hydrogenated PE (H-PE)
blend has been studied at different draw ratios. The deformation of
molecular chain obtained by SANS shows that shish forms at a rather
small chain deformation of about 1.3, which does not support either
coil–stretch transition or the simple stretch network model.
Combining these data with the SAXS results, we speculate that the
conformation ordering couples with density, instead of single chain
conformation, is the key factor for shish formation. Meanwhile, due
to the different alignment of the center of mass of the stretched
network in samples with different draw ratios, a periodic concentration
modulation of D-PE appears after crystallization of the samples stretched
to the hardening zone, which, however, does not occur under the small
draw ratio.
As eating behavior is important to health, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the eating behavior related to overweight and obesity of Chinese residents aged 18~60 based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior. The short-form of the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS-SF) was applied to evaluate eating behavior. The multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify and analyze the influence factors, and the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis to validate the predictive capability of the EBS-SF score in differentiating overweight and obesity. A total of 8623 participants were enrolled. In the personal characteristics, male (β = −0.03), older [36–45 years (β = −0.06) or 46–60 years (β = −0.07)], higher scores of Agreeableness (β = −0.04), Conscientiousness (β = −0.14) or Openness (β = −0.03) contributed to healthy eating behavior. In the individual behaviors, those who smoked (β = 0.04), drank alcohol (β = 0.05), exercised frequently (β = 0.07), had higher PHQ-9 scores (β = 0.29) may have improper eating habits. As for the interpersonal networks, the residents who were married (β = −0.04) behaved well when eating, while those who had offspring or siblings tended to have unhealthy eating behavior. At the community level, living in Western China (β = −0.03), having a monthly household income of 6001–9000 yuan per capita (β = −0.04), having no debt (β = −0.02), being retired (β = −0.03), or having lower PSSS scores (β = −0.03) led to lower EBS-SF scores. And the EBS-SF score demonstrated a moderate-high accuracy in predicting overweight and obesity.
Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocinebased plastic-bonded explosive (HMX-based PBX) is one of the most important solid energetic materials. The properties of HMX-based PBX are significantly affected by defects, which were reported recently to be generated during the postheating storage. However, the related mechanism is not well understood. In the study, with the in situ X-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering, we explored the phase retransform and void evolution of previously heated HMX particles and HMX-based PBX as a function of time in controlled environments. Compared to a "dry atmosphere", the relative humidity of 60% accelerated the phase transition of metastable δ-HMX to stable β-HMX and increased the void volume fraction over about a 2 h period.
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