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Uniform CuS nanotubes of 30-90 nm in inner diameter and 20-50 nm in thickness, can be synthesized in large quantities by a facile solution reaction at 80 uC in ethylene glycol using Cu nanowires as sacrificial templates and choosing suitable sulfur sources for the sulfuration reaction, where suitable sulfur sources and solvent played crucial roles in the formation of well-defined CuS nanotubes. The results demonstrated that suitable sulfur sources such as thiourea and thiacetamide which release ionic sulfur rather than molecular sulfur at their decomposition temperature are favorable for the formation of CuS nanotubes, in contrast to sulfur powders. Further treatment of the product at higher temperature (140 uC) can improve the crystallinity but results in a slight shrinking of the nanotubes toward the inner side. In addition, the similar reaction in water media cannot produce such nanotubes. The shape evolution process and the formation mechanism of CuS nanotubes as well as the thermal stability of these nanotubes were studied.

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In recent years, a variety of genetic tools have been developed and applied to various filamentous fungi, which are widely applied in agriculture and the food industry. However, the low efficiency of gene targeting has for many years hampered studies on functional genomics in this important group of microorganisms. The emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology has sparked a revolution in genetic research due to its high efficiency, versatility, and easy operation and opened the door for the discovery and exploitation of many new natural products. Although the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in filamentous fungi is still in its infancy compared to its common use in E. coli, yeasts, and mammals, the deep development of this system will certainly drive the exploitation of fungal diversity. In this review, we summarize the research progress on CRISPR/Cas9 systems in filamentous fungi and finally highlight further prospects in this area.

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Two imidazolate-metal based rhombic dodecahedra (termed MOP-100 and MOP-101) were designed and prepared from [(NH(3))(4)Pd(NO(3))(2)] and hydrogen tetrakis(1-imidazolyl)borate or hydrogen tetrakis(4-methyl-1-imidazolyl)borate in a concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution at 85 degrees C. Both rhombic dodecahedra show unusual chemical stability in acidic and basic solutions as well as common organic solvents. Permanent porosity was examined by gas adsorption studies. From the N(2) isotherm for MOP-101, the Langmuir and BET surface areas of MOP-101 were calculated to be 350 and 280 m(2) g(-1), respectively. Anion exchange experiments confirmed the internal cavities of such polyhedra are accessible.

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