The extensive use of ibuprofen (IBU) and other pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) causes them widely to exist in nature and be frequently detected in water bodies. Advanced catalytic oxidation processes (AOPs) are often used as an efficient way to degrade them, and the research on heterogeneous catalysts has become a hot spot in the field of AOPs. Among transitional metal-based catalysts, metal cobalt has been proved to be an effective element in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce strong oxidizing components. In this study, the used D001 resin served as the matrix material and through simple impregnation and calcination, cobalt was successfully fixed on the carbon ball in the form of cobalt sulfide. When the catalyst was used to activate persulfate to degrade IBU, it was found that under certain reaction conditions, the degradation rate in one hour could exceed 70%, which was far higher than that of PMS and resin carbon balls alone. Here, we discussed the effects of catalyst loading, PMS concentration, pH value and temperature on IBU degradation. Through quenching experiments, it was found that SO4− and ·OH played a major role in the degradation process. The material has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost and convenient recovery, as well as realizing the purpose of reuse and degrading organic pollutants efficiently.
The ion exchange resin is mainly composed of carbon, and it can form carbon material after calcination in the isolation of oxygen. Meanwhile, the nitrogen doping of metal-based carbon materials has attracted extensive attention in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce active groups in the degradation of refractory organic pollutants. In this study, the used D001 resin served as the source of carbon material and catalyst carrier, cobalt ions adsorbed by impregnation, and then mixed with dicyandiamide and carbon balls formed by calcined (N-Co/D001CB). After nitrogen doping, cobalt exists in the form of cobalt sulfide with high crystallinity, and the serious problems of skeleton shrinkage and internal blockage are significantly alleviated. Under certain catalytic reaction conditions, the degradation rate of ibuprofen in one hour was more than 95%, which was significantly higher than that of cobalt. Finally, quenching experiments found that SO4−· is the main pathway for pollutant degradation, followed by ·OH, and there also exists the contributions of ·O2− and 1O2. In summary, the catalyst was prepared easily and had efficient catalytic activity, but it also recycled its resources with a low disposal cost of used D001CB, realizing the purpose of recycling waste materials and applying them in pollutant treatment.
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