Efficient Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Cobalt Supported Used Resin Based Carbon Ball Catalyst for the Degradation of Ibuprofen

Abstract

The extensive use of ibuprofen (IBU) and other pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) causes them widely to exist in nature and be frequently detected in water bodies. Advanced catalytic oxidation processes (AOPs) are often used as an efficient way to degrade them, and the research on heterogeneous catalysts has become a hot spot in the field of AOPs. Among transitional metal-based catalysts, metal cobalt has been proved to be an effective element in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to produce strong oxidizing components. In this study, the used D001 resin served as the matrix material and through simple impregnation and calcination, cobalt was successfully fixed on the carbon ball in the form of cobalt sulfide. When the catalyst was used to activate persulfate to degrade IBU, it was found that under certain reaction conditions, the degradation rate in one hour could exceed 70%, which was far higher than that of PMS and resin carbon balls alone. Here, we discussed the effects of catalyst loading, PMS concentration, pH value and temperature on IBU degradation. Through quenching experiments, it was found that SO4− and ·OH played a major role in the degradation process. The material has the advantages of simple preparation, low cost and convenient recovery, as well as realizing the purpose of reuse and degrading organic pollutants efficiently.

Nitrogen Doped Cobalt Anchored on the Used Resin-Based Catalyst to Activate Peroxymonosulfate for the Removal of Ibuprofen

“…That is, all of them have characteristic absorption in similar positions, and stretching vibration peaks appear at 3433 cm −1 (O-H), 1580 cm −1 (C-C/C=C), 1400 cm −1 (C-S), and 1130 cm −1 (O-C-O), respectively [32,38]. In Figure 4a, it can be seen that the full spectrum of the binding energy positions of each element in N-Co/D001CB, and most of them are similar to the result of Co/D001CB [26]. Figure 4b-f show the valence binding energy peaks of several main elements in the data graph after data processing on behalf of carbon (C 1 s), nitrogen (N 1 s), oxygen (O 1 s), sulfur (S 2p), and cobalt (Co 2p).…”

“…The characterization and analytical methods of N-Co/D001CB refer to the team's previous studies of Co/D001CB [26].…”

“…The reason for the improved degradation efficiency of IBU is that the introduction of a catalyst promotes the formation of SO4 − • and •OH [52]. The relevant possible reactions shown in Equations ( 6)-( 14) [54][55][56], which had been described in previous studies [26]:…”

“…The used D001 resin that adsorbed the calcium or magnesium ions in the soft water treatment was selected as the carrier to prepare the catalyst, so that it greatly reduces the disposal cost of the used D001 resin as well as realizes its resource utilization. Unfortunately, in previous published studies [26], carbonized material still has serious problems with shrinkage of the resin skeleton and blockage of internal pores, which inevitably affect its catalytic performance and utilization ratio of metal components. Studies have found that nitrogen-doped metal-based carbon materials realized from the dicyandiamide (DCD) pyrolysis process can control the agglomeration of internal mental particles and form rich metal nitrogen sites [27], as well as increase the specific surface area of materials [28,29], which may be a certain reference value for responding to the above problems.…”