Phytochemicals are natural small-molecule compounds derived from plants that have attracted attention for their anticancer activities. Some phytochemicals have been developed as first-line anticancer drugs, such as paclitaxel and vincristine. In addition, several phytochemicals show good tumor suppression functions in various cancer types. Bladder cancer is a malignant tumor of the urinary system. To date, few specific phytochemicals have been used for bladder cancer therapy, although many have been studied in bladder cancer cells and mouse models. Therefore, it is important to collate and summarize the available information on the role of phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of bladder cancer. In this review, we summarize the effects of several phytochemicals including flavonoids, steroids, nitrogen compounds, and aromatic substances with anticancer properties and classify the mechanism of action of phytochemicals in bladder cancer. This review will contribute to facilitating the development of new anticancer drugs and strategies for the treatment of bladder cancer using phytochemicals.
The disqualification of third-party cloud services has caused great threat to large-scale Enterprise Systems (ESs). Service Level Agreements (SLA) management is used to enhance Quality of Service (QoS) in an effective way. Conventional service exception handling is triggered to deal with functional failure. However, in some critical business scenario, service failures and performance violations need to be proactively prevented instead of recovery triggered by the occurrence of those failures. In this paper, a proactive detective control model is proposed to prevent workflow SLA violation supported by the utilization of SLA utility functions and control charts. Emulation case study illustrates the proposed model, and simulation results show that workflow SLA management can effectively avoid cloud services composition failures.
QoS constraint based workflow scheduling described by Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) has been proved to be a NP-hard problem in Cloud Computing Services, especially for cost minimization under deadline constraint. Due to Deadline Bottom Level (DBL) hasn't considered the concurrence during the real executing process that cause much more shatter time to solve such problem, this paper proposes a novel heuristics approach of Concurrent Level based Workflow Scheduling (CLWS). It stratifies all the tasks according to the concurrence among tasks in the actual workflow execution. Then, CLWS distributes the total redundancy time into every level according to their concurrent degree. The simulation experiments show that CLWS makes a better improvement than DBL.
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