Photoinduced hysteresis (PIH) of graphene field-effect transistors (G-FETs) has attracted attention because of its potential in developing photoelectronic or nonvolatile memory devices. In this work, we focused on the role of SiO 2 dielectric layer on PIH, where G-FETs have only a SiO 2 dielectric layer. Adsorbates are effectively removed before the PIH test. The effects of laser wavelength, laser power density, and temperature on the PIH are systematically investigated. The PIH is significantly enhanced by increasing the hydrogen flow in a hydrogen-atmosphere device thermal annealing. This strongly suggests proton-related defects that play a key role. The pure electronic process for PIH is further ruled out by the significant dependence of the doping rate on the temperature. A mechanism of PIH based on proton generation after hole trapping at [O 3 Si−H] is proposed. The proposed mechanism is well-supported by our experimental data: (1) the observed threshold photon energy for PIH is between 2.76 and 2.34 eV, which is close to the energy barrier for [O 3 Si−H], releasing a proton. (2) No obvious carrier mobility degradation after the PIH process suggests that the bulk defects in SiO 2 are the major contributors rather than graphene/SiO 2 interface defects. (3) The dependence of the doping rate on the temperature and the laser power density matches a theoretical model based on the random hopping of H + . The results in this work are also valuable for the study of degradation of other oxide dielectric materials in various field-effect transistors.

A structure of a dynamic comparator with high-speed low-power and a low-power supply voltage is proposed. The proposed comparator is compared with previous dynamic comparators. For the same size of input/output transistors and latch as well as load capacitance, it is more than 1.3 times faster with <85% power consumption. The proposed structure exhibits faster speed and lower power consumption at the same time. Moreover, it provides better performance regarding low-power supply voltage, it also brings moderate input-referred noise and offset among these structures.

Objective: To evaluate the modified Zhang's 'three-level' technique of retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) to treat adrenal lesions for patients with BMI of 25-30 Kg/m 2 . Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in all patients with BMI of 25-30 Kg/m 2 in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2019. Those who underwent laparoscopic adrenal surgery were divided into two groups on the basis of the technique used: the Zhang's technique (the ZT group) and the modified technique (the MT group). Results: Herein, 170 operations were included (ZT, 91 patients; MT, 79 patients). RLA was successfully performed in all of them. Compared with the ZT group patients, the MT group patients showed shorter operation time ( p = 0.007), lesser intraoperative blood loss ( p = 0.023), shorter operation time, earlier postoperative diet recovery ( p < 0.001), shorter postoperative drainage time ( p < 0.001) and shorter postoperative hospitalization period ( p = 0.001). It was also worth noting that the unplanned total adrenalectomy rate was significantly less in the MT group than in the ZT group (0% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.020). There was no significant difference in the complications between the two groups (3.3% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.567). Conclusions: We found that MT was a beneficial retroperitoneal laparoscopic treatment for adrenal lesions in patients who had a BMI of 25-30 Kg/m 2 . It may provide a reference for the treatment of adrenal surgical diseases in such patients.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) as competitive endogenous RNA. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mech anisms of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) in the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells. Cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 80 patients with PCa who did not receive any treatment. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect the expression levels of SNHG16, hsa-microRNA (miRNA/miR)-373-3p and transforming growth factor-β receptor type 2 (TGF-β-R2), and Spearman's correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess the correlations between these molecules. Furthermore, the effects of SNHG16 knockdown and overexpression on the biological functions of DU-145 PCa cells and TGF-β-R2/SMAD signaling were analyzed. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to assess the associations between SNHG16 and miR-373-3p, and TGF-β-R2 and miR-373-3p, the effects of which were verified via rescue experiments. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of SNHG16 and TGF-β-R2 were significantly upregulated in PCa tissues, whereas miR-373-3p expression was significantly downregulated (P<0.001). In addition, negative correlations were observed between SNHG16 and miR-373-3p (rho, -0.631) and miR-373-3p and TGF-β-R2 (rho, -0.516). Overexpression of SNHG16 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of PCa cells (P<0.05), and significantly increased the protein expression levels of TGF-β-R2, phosphorylated (p)-SMAD2, p-SMAD3, c-Myc and E2F4 (P<0.001). Notably, the results revealed that miR-373-3p is a target of SNHG16, and miR-373-3p knockdown rescued short hairpin (sh)-SNHG16-suppressed cellular functions by promoting TGF-β-R2/SMAD signaling. The results also revealed that miR-373-3p targets TGF-β-R2. Notably, transfection with miR-373-3p inhibitor rescued sh-TGF-β-R2-suppressed cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that SNHG16 promotes the proliferation and migration of PCa cells by targeting the miR-373-3p/TGF-β-R2/SMAD axis.

Oxygen plasma treatment has been reported as an effective way of improving the response of graphene gas sensors. In this work, a gas sensor based on a composite graphene channel with a layer of pristine graphene (G) at the bottom and an oxygen plasma-treated graphene (OP-G) as a covering layer was reported. The OP-G on top provided oxygen functional groups and serves as the gas molecule grippers, while the as-grown graphene beneath serves as a fast carrier transport path. Thus, the composite channel (OP-G/G) demonstrated significantly improved response in NH3 gas sensing tests compared with the pristine G channel. Moreover, the OP-G/G channel showed faster response and recovering process than the OP-G channel. Since this kind of composite channel is fabricated from chemical vapor deposited graphene and patterned with standard photolithography, the device dimension was much smaller than a gas sensor fabricated from reduced graphene oxide and it is favorable for the integration of a large number of sensing units.