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A heteropolyanion-based ionic liquid, [(3-sulfonic acid) propylpyridine]3PW12O40·2H2O, [PSPy]3PW12O40·2H2O, abbreviated [PSPy]3PW, was synthesized and approved as an effective catalyst for desulfurization of fuels in [omim]PF6 by using aqueous H2O2 as oxidant. The catalysis was fulfilled with advantages of high activity, simplified workup, and flexible recyclability. The catalytic oxidation reactivity of sulfur-containing compounds was in the order dibenzothiophene (DBT) > 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) > benzothiophene (BT). The effects of the amount of [PSPy]3PW, H2O2, and reaction time and temperature were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of DBT achieved 99.4%. Especially, we found that the removal of 4,6-DMDBT could be up to 98.8%, and the system could be recycled at least 9 times without significant decrease in activity. The sulfur level of FCC gasoline could be reduced from 360 to 70 ppm in the extraction and catalytic oxidation system.

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Cryptotanshinone is one of the major tanshinones isolated from the roots of the plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). Danshen has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of a variety of diseases, including coronary artery disease, acute ischemic stroke, hyperlipidemia, chronic renal failure, chronic hepatitis, and Alzheimer’s disease, showing no serious adverse effects. Recent studies have shown that cryptotanshinone not only possesses the potential for treatment and prevention of the above-mentioned diseases, but also is a potent anticancer agent. Here we briefly summarize the physical and chemical properties and the pharmacokinetic profiles of cryptotanshinone, and then comprehensively review its anticancer activities as well as the underlying mechanisms.

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One new phenylalanine derivative 4′-OMe-asperphenamate (1), along with one known phenylalanine derivative (2) and two new cytochalasins, aspochalasin A1 (3) and cytochalasin Z24 (4), as well as eight known cytochalasin analogues (5–12) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus elegans ZJ-2008010, a fungus obtained from a soft coral Sarcophyton sp. collected from the South China Sea. Their structures and the relative configurations were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by chemical synthesis and Marfey’s method. All isolated metabolites (1–12) were evaluated for their antifouling and antibacterial activities. Cytochalasins 5, 6, 8 and 9 showed strong antifouling activity against the larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, with the EC50 values ranging from 6.2 to 37 μM. This is the first report of antifouling activity for this class of metabolites. Additionally, 8 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, especially against four pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus albus, S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus.

Two new meroterpenoids, penicianstinoids A and B (1 and 2), and eight new isocoumarins, peniciisocoumarins A−H (3−10), together with 10 known analogues (11−20) were obtained from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. TGM112. The structures and absolute configurations of 1−10 were determined by interpretation of detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction analyses, modified Mosher's method, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 1−4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, and 16 showed growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with IC 50 values ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1, 2, and 11−15 displayed activity against Caenorhabditis elegans with EC 50 values ranging from 9.4 (± 1.0) to 38.2 (± 0.6) μg/mL, respectively. Compound 1 represents an austinoid-like meroterpenoid that is reported here for the second time, in which a carbon−carbon double bond was oxidized to a carbonyl group at C-1′−C-2′.