A series of acidic deep eutectic solvents were designed and synthesized, which could be used for the successful oxidation/extraction desulfurization of fuels.
The
development of a new, green CO2 absorbent with high
energy utilization and low solvent loss can replace CO2 capture by ethanolamine solution, which is currently a necessary
and important issue. This work is devoted to the design and synthesis
of DESs based on ethanolamine and the absorption of CO2, focusing on the systematic study of the effects of CO2 absorption and the effect of water on the deep eutectic solvents
(DESs) of ChCl/MEA, TMAC/MEA, and TEAC/MEA (MEA = ethanolamine, TMAC
= tetramethylammonium chloride, and TEAC = tetraethylammonium chloride).
A series of DESs comprise various hydrogen-bonding donor–acceptor
pairs as CO2-capturing solvents. The main factors that
influence the absorption process, such as rotational speed, flow rate,
temperature, absorption time, molar ratio, and water content on the
absorption of CO2, are examined. Simultaneously, the influence
on the DESs after absorption was analyzed, and the absorption mechanism
was systematically studied. Furthermore, the use of three-component
alkaline DESs (TMAC/MEA/MDEA) (MDEA = methyl diethanolamine) and the
three components of TMAC/MEA/LiCl, TMAC/MEA/ZnCl2, and
TMAC/MEA/NH4Cl were investigated by adding pure water to
remove CO2 performance. The TMAC/MEA/LiCl solvent reaches
a maximum absorption of 36.81 wt % at 50 °C, and for TMAC/MEA/LiCl
+ 10% H2O system, the absorption of CO2 decreases
with increasing temperature. The TMAC/MEA/LiCl + 10% H2O system has the highest absorption at 30 °C and reaches 37.31
wt %. NMR was applied to investigate the absorption mechanisms. The
hydrogen-bonding and electrostatic interactions were the main driving
force for this specifically high CO2 absorption process.
In this paper, the vibrational spectra of copper sulfate hydrates (CuSO 4 •xH 2 O, x = 5, 3, 1, 0) have been investigated with lowtemperature Raman spectroscopy and terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). It is found that the four groups of Raman bands between 90 and 4000 cm −1 can be assigned to lattice vibration as well as intramolecular vibrations of a copper complex, sulfate group, and water molecules. The variation of vibrational spectra during the dehydrated process are discussed in detail considering the transformation of the crystal structure, especially the bands between 3000 and 3500 cm −1 , which are attributed to the ν 1 and ν 3 modes of water molecules. In addition, as a complement of Raman spectra, the THz spectra at 0.1−3 THz indicate the absorption due to the low-frequency lattice vibration and hydrogen bond.
In this study, six deep eutectic solvents were synthesized. Research shows that [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 can be used for catalyzing F–C alkylations of electron-rich arenes with aldehydes successfully. After five cycles, the yields remain about 89–94%.
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