Agricultural waste is a huge pool of untapped biomass resources that may even represent economic and environmental burdens. They can be converted into bioenergy and bio-based products by cascading conversion processes, within circular economy, and should be considered residual resources. Major challenges are discussed from a transdisciplinary perspective, focused on Europe situation. Environmental and economic consequences of agricultural residue management chains are difficult to assess due to their complexity, seasonality and regionality. Designing multi-criteria decision support tools, applicable at an early-stage of research, is discussed. Improvement of Anaerobic Digestion (AD), one of the most mature conversion technologies, is discussed from a technological point of view and waste feedstock geographical and seasonal variations. Using agricultural residual resources for producing high-value chemicals is a considerable challenge analysed here, taking into account innovative eco-efficient and cost-effective cascading conversion processes (bio-refinery concept). Moreover, the promotion of agricultural residuesbased business is discussed through industrial ecology, to promote synergy, on a local basis, between different agricultural and industrial value chains. Finally, to facilitate a holistic approach and optimise materials and knowledge flows KEY WORDS Agriculture; waste; eco-design; biogas; bio-based materials; circular economy CONTACT Nathalie Gontard nathalie.gontard@inra.fr UMR 1208 IATE Agro-Polymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies,
The thermolysis of two compound series, namely,
MCl3·nH2O
and
H2 MCl6·nH2Ofalse(M=normalRu,normalRh,normalIr,normaland Ptfalse)
was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, and thermogravimetry. Product identification and confirmation of thermolysis pathways were accomplished by x‐ray powder diffraction analyses, moisture evolution analyses, and IR spectroscopy. The thermolysis was carried out both in reactive (air) as well as in inert (argon) atmospheres. In the case of
MCl3·nH2O
, oxide was obtained as the major thermolysis product in air. In argon, metal was the major thermolysis product—the degree of oxide formation being a sensitive function of the
O2
partial pressure (or argon flow rate). The thermal stability of the oxide as well as the parent chloride precursor showed significant differences in the
MCl3·nH2O
series. New data are presented for
IrCl4·nH2O
and
H2IrCl6·nH2O
. In both cases, intermediate formation of the trichloride was accompanied by oxide and metal formation depending on the gaseous ambient. Unlike the case of the Ir compound, no evidence for
PtO2
was found for the thermolysis of
H2PtCl6·nH2O
. Similarities and differences in data trends are discussed with the aid of thermochemical calculations. The results of this study may have implications in the synthesis of noble metals and their oxides for catalytic and electronic device applications.
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