Analysis of the flow on an automotive brake disc with NACA 66-209 type ventilation alabs, using particle image velocimetry Análisis del caudal en un disco de freno automotriz con álabes de ventilación tipo NACA 66-209, utilizando velocimetría por imágenes de partículas
The aim of this work is to simulate the fragmentation of bullets impacted through granular media, in this case, sand. In order to validate the simulation, a group of experiments were conducted with the sand contained in two different box prototypes. The walls of the first box were constructed with fiberglass and the second with plywood. The prototypes were subjected to the impact force of bullets fired 15 m away from the box. After the shots, X-ray photographs were taken to observe the penetration depth. Transient numerical analyses were conducted to simulate these physical phenomena by using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) module of ANSYS® 2019 AUTODYN software. Advantageously, this module considers the granular media as a group of uniform particles capable of transferring kinetic energy during the elastic collision component of an impact. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in the maximum bullet kinetic energy of 2750 J to 100 J in 0.8 ms. The numerical results compared with the X-ray photographs showed similar results demonstrating the capability of sand to dissipate kinetic energy and the fragmentation of the bullet caused at the moment of impact.
The braking system of a car must work safely and predictably in any circumstance, which implies having a stable level of friction, in any condition of temperature, humidity and salinity of the environment. For a correct design and operation of the brake discs, it is necessary to consider different aspects, such as the geometry, the type of material, the mechanical resistance, the maximum temperature, the thermal deformation, the cracking resistance, among others. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of temperature, velocity and heat flow, in the ventilation duct of an automotive disc brake with ventilation pillars different from conventional using computational fluid dynamics. The SolidWorks Simulations design software was used to analyze the behavior of the fluid (air) in terms of speed and heat dissipation capacity. The numerical results for the heat flow through the ventilation channels were compared with the results obtained mathematically. The numerical results showed that the discs performed well under severe operating conditions. In the design of the brake disc is very important to select the appropriate geometry, particularly the number and the cross section of the ducts in addition to that, the type of material. Numerical methods offer advantages through the software tools for selecting geometry and material and for modeling fluid flow to optimize heat dissipation to provide maximum performance for properly maintained components.
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