No abstract

Composting process provides a valuable material improving physical and chemical properties of soil. The quality of the obtained compost depends to a great extent on the kind of material subjected to stabilisation. Composting biodegradable products may result in the end product exceeding heavy metal limits that cannot be used in agriculture. The studies included composts produced in the compost plant in Kołobrzeg, the Municipal Waste Recovery and Storage Plant in Leśno Górne and the Waste Managemant Plant in Wardyń Górny. Composts were made from municipal solid waste, sewage sludge with straw and sawmill waste, and from urban green waste. The following determinations were determined: morphological composition, total content of macroelements and microelements and the level of these elements soluble in HCl at the concentration of 0.5 mol•dm-3. The examined composts contained the amounts of total Pb, Ni and Cd allowing for their use in agriculture and the compost from sewage sludge, straw and sawmill waste, turned out to have the best utilisation properties.

This study aimed to assess the effect of petrol and the Fyre Zyme reagent on selected chemical and biochemical properties of loamy sand. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions. First, petrol was introduced into the soil at doses of 0 and 50 g k−1dry matter (DM). Next, 6% Fyre-Zyme enzyme reagent solution was added to the samples contaminated and uncontaminated with petrol, in the following combinations: 0 (control), once at 40 cm3 kg−1 DM, twice at 20 cm3 kg−1 DM at two-week intervals, and four times at 10 cm3 kg−1 DM at weekly intervals. Contamination of loamy sand with petrol caused slight changes in the determined chemical parameters and stimulated dehydrogenase activities, but inhibited the activity of phosphatases. The introduction of the enzyme reagent into the soil increased the Corg and Ntot content. The greatest changes were observed in the activity of phosphatases. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that the application of the enzyme reagent at the application of 4 × 10 cm3 kg−1 DM was the most beneficial. However, the results of the η2 analysis indicate that the greatest influence on the determined experimental parameters was found in the soil contaminated with petrol.

The genesis of organic soils is closely connected with water. The occurrence of carbonate deposits in the central and lower part of organic soil profile points to the link between their genesis and post-glacial lakes. The studies conducted in the years 2009–2012 focused on organic soils near lakes: Strzeszowskie, Sitno (Myśliborskie Lakeland) and Sierakowo (Ińskie Lakeland), north Poland. The goal of the present study was to characterize chemical properties of organic soils developed on carbonate deposits. The examined soils belonged to organic muck and sapric peat soils. They contained variable amount of organic matter (32,4–66,6%). The C/N ratio depended on the degree of mineralization. The soils under study, had a high level of available forms of Ca and low level of P, K, Cu, and Zn. Both in surface and subsurface horizons of muck and sapric peat soils the content of exchangeable cations may be ranked as follows: Ca > Mg > K > Na. Basic cations total in organic horizons was distinctly higher than in calcareous sediments. In organic horizons and limnic deposits, the share of exchangeable form of Ca in the sum of basic cations exceeded 95%.

The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of rhamnolipids on the microbial biomass content and the activity of dehydrogenases (DHA), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and urease (URE) in soil contaminated with two types of coal tar creosote: type C and type GX-Plus. The experiment was carried out on samples of sandy clay loam under laboratory conditions. Coal tar creosote was added to soil samples at a dose of 0 and 10 g·kg−1 DM, along with rhamnolipids at a dose of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg·kg−1 DM. The humidity of the samples was brought to 60% maximum water holding capacity, and the samples were incubated at 20°C. Microbial and biochemical parameters were determined on days 1, 7, 21, and 63. The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of rhamnolipids did not result in any significant changes in the activity of the determined parameters in the uncontaminated soil. However, it was observed that the application of these biosurfactants, particularly at the dose of 1000 mg·kg−1 DM, largely decreased the effect of coal tar creosote on the determined parameters. Moreover, the microbial biomass and the activity of ALP and URE were found to be the best indicator of bioremediation of soil contaminated with coal tar creosote.

Post-bog soils developed from limnic calcareous sediments are closely related to a young-glacial landscape and postglacial lakes in Northern Poland. The studies conducted in 2010-2012 on post-bog soils near lake Dubie (Równina Drawska, NW Poland), partially used as an arable land. The goal of research was to characterise some chemical and physical properties of post-bog soils developed from carbonate deposits near lake Dubie. The soils of the analysed area developed from lacustrine chalk and calcareous gyttja belong to black earth and mucky soils. Organic matter content in surface horizons ranged from 5.0 to14.2%, content of CaCO 3 from 27.2 to 55.2%, the highest carbonate content was found in arable soil. The soils of the study area were characterised by a narrow C/N ratio, low level of total form of P and a high content of Ca. Specific density of surface horizons was in the range 2.49 to 2.58 Mg⋅m -3 , bulk density from 0.445 to 1.212 Mg⋅m -3 . High porosity was also found in the examined formations, from 0.826 in surface horizons and 0.700 m 3 ⋅m -3 in limnic deposits.

WSTÊPNiekorzystny stan gospodarki odpadami w woj. zachodniopomorskim, wyra¿a siê m.in. nielegalnym pozbywaniem siê odpadów, w tym tak¿e odpadów niebezpiecznych, na niekontrolowanych (dzikich) wysypiskach. Siedem lat po wejciu do Unii Europejskiej Polska, mimo podjêtych zobowi¹zañ, nie spe³nia wymogów w zakresie redukcji iloci odpadów, budowy i utrzymania instalacji recyklingu i spalarni. W zwi¹zku z t¹ sytuacj¹ w latach 20102011 problematyka odpadów jest coraz czêciej omawiana w rodkach masowego przekazu (prasa, radio, telewizja, internet) i tzw. kampaniach spo³ecznych (m.in. nie zamiecajmy swojego sumienia). Jednak¿e najwiêksze nadzieje w uporz¹dkowaniu gospodarki odpadami, w tym tak¿e patologiê niekontrolowanych odpadów, wi¹¿e siê ze skierowaniem do Sejmu nowego projektu ustawy o utrzymaniu czystoci i porz¹dku w gminach, bowiem poprzednia o takim samym tytule z dnia 13 wrzenia 1996 r. okaza³a siê ma³o przydatna w rozwi¹zywaniu omawianych problemów [Ustawa 1996]. Dotychczas wiêkszoae niekontrolowanych wysypisk spotykamy na glebach piaszczystych o sk³adzie granulometrycznym piasku lunego, b¹d s³abogli-niastego. Czêsto w ogólnej ocenie, powierzchniow¹ warstw¹ tych gleb znajduj¹c¹ siê bezporednio pod odpadami, uwa¿a³o siê tak¿e za silnie zanieczyszczon¹ m.in. metalami ciê¿kimi, podobnie jak to ma miejsce w glebach zwiêz³ych gliniastych [Niedwiecki i in. 2003a[Niedwiecki i in. , 2003b Niedwiecki i in. 2007].Celem pracy by³o wiêc ukazanie oddzia³ywania nielegalnych wysypisk odpadów na niektóre w³aci-woci chemiczne powierzchniowej warstwy (020 cm) gleb piaszczystych, ze szczególnym uwzglêdnie-niem nagromadzenia kadmu, o³owiu, cynku i miedzi. MATERIA£ I METODYKA BADAÑ SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SANDY SOILS AFFECTED BY UNCONTROLLED DUMP SITES IN THE WEST POMERANIAN PROVINCEAbstract: The studies included eight field objects on soils with granulometric composition of loose and slightly loamy sand, under uncontrolled dump sites. Two sandy objects situated in forests were also examined. The impact of dump sites on the chemical properties of sandy soils was assessed by comparing the results for the samples collected from the surface soil layer under the dump site and adjoining sandy arable land or forest. Waste material in the surface layer of soils developed from loose or slightly loamy sand distinctly increased the amount of admixtures, slightly decreased acidity but did not cause the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu). Slightly elevated amounts, in comparison with the content obtained for adjacent arable land and forest, were observed sporadically and at some points with the increase of organic matter, especially in forest soils. Contaminants from the waste dumped on sandy area or sandy exploitation pit migrate to deeper soil layers or adjacent water-courses, small bodies of water, and lakes.S³owa kluczowe: niekontrolowane wysypiska, gleby piaszczyste, wymywanie sk³adników

Holocene limnic deposits characteristic of the average latitudes have partially outcropped as a result of young glacial sculpture aging. The change of the environment from limnic to telmatic and often the interference of a man associated with the regulation of water relations led to the emergence of limnic deposits that underwent the process of pedogenesis. In this work, 137 samples of carbonate deposits from 6 sites in NW Poland were analyzed in terms of their physical properties. Carbonate sediments were subject to determination of specific and bulk densities, total porosity and air porosity, current and capillary water capacity. On the basis of CaCO 3 content, combustion loss, and non-lime mineral content, the studied sediments were classified into three groups: lacustrine chalk, calcareous gyttja, and clay-calcareous gyttja. Studies have shown that the sediments subject to pedogenesis in the top levels have characteristic morphological features in the form of cracks and numerous channels and iron fills in the form of spotted, streaked or marbled mosaic. The top levels of sediments, as a result of dehydration, clearly increase their bulk density. Properties of the lake chalk were formed mainly by the proportion of organic matter and CaCO 3 , while in the case of carbonate gyttja, the influence of mineral parts of the non-lime substances is also highlighted. In the top of carbonate sediments, there is a decrease in general and capillary porosity and an increase in the share of macropores.