Network spanning algorithms, such as ZigBee-native and Stojmenovič, constitute a crucial element in the wireless sensor network design, by determining its potential for reliability and fault-tolerance. The interconnections between nodes have a great impact on the radio interference level present in such a network and may create a serious electromagnetic compatibility issue in some cases. It can be proved that the total interference incurred by a statistical node can be diminished in two ways: either by using directional antennas or by setting an upper limit on the duty cycle of each network node.
This paper presents and discusses the results of theoretical approach of the BPL (Broadband over Power Line: 2 MHz-32 MHz) transmission efficiency in 6 kV cable line of selected underground mine. The research verifies its validity through practical measurements. It is followed by the derivation of the power line parameters using the transmission line theory. The tests under the mine conditions were carried out for a specific 6 kV mine cable, with steel armour, for as inductive as well as capacitive coupling of BPL modems with the MV grid. The obtained results are not found so far in the literature and constitute the innovation of the achievement. On the basis of the results the conclusions for practical applications have been formulated. Index Terms-Broadband over Power Line transmission (BPL); Power Line Communication (PLC); MV cable network; Underground mine; Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM).
This article presents results of a quality evaluation study, considering voice transmission in a 6 kV medium voltage cable network using the BPL (Broadband over Power Line) communication system. The tests are carried out under real mining conditions for the selected power cable without voltage, earthed at both sides. Such a method of monitoring work conditions is of great importance, especially during a disaster. Power cables are potentially resistant to mechanical damage and, thus, ensure continuity of transmission, also, in cases of electricity stoppage and partial damage (interruption) of the phase conductors. The voice transmission quality is tested for a relatively low bitrate of 8 kbps–48 kbps using both induction and mixed induction-capacitive coupling with the power cable. Such a solution should provide both reliable and high-quality services, considering clear and understandable voice messages to people. The quality evaluation is carried out on a group of 15 people aged between 25–35 years old. The tested signal samples consist of voice messages in British English, German, and Polish. On the basis of the investigated results, respective conclusions are formulated.
The paper is dedicated to the issue of reducing the energetic consumption by nodes of a wireless sensor network, by means of deliberately choosing an optimal number of sink nodes in the network. It is shown that an optimal choice of the sink may halve the total number of hops needed for the information from each node to reach it, relative to the sink of the worst choice. Similar research performed on networks with multiple sinks has led to the formulation of a concise formula which allows calculating an optimal number of sinks in an Npopulated WSN such that a trade-off is met between the energetic and economical savings.
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