Roma migration from Eastern countries has been one of the main topics of public debate in Italy in the last decade. Roma people have been depicted as the biggest threat to citizens’ safety, especially in the biggest cities, and have become the target of special securitarian measures that revive old stereotypes. At the same time, thanks to various European bodies, Roma people have also became the targets of ad hoc inclusionary policies, such as the National Strategy for Inclusion. The deconstruction of the camp system for nomads was one of the basic targets of all the interventions. This article describes what happened to Roma migrants during the last ten years – from the ‘Nomad Emergency’ of 2007 until the present-day dismantling of the nomad camp system. It focuses on Roma migrants who live in the two Italian cities where most of the Romanian Roma have settled since the beginning of the 21st century: Milan and Rome. The paper analyzes the public policies that were implemented by national and local authorities, and highlights some of the strategies that Roma migrants use to cope with the dismantling of the nomad camp system.
The article develops a critical, applied and interdisciplinary perspective, to contrast anti-Gypsyism. The research has been carried out within the “National Project for Inclusion and Integration of Roma children, Sinti and Caminanti”, realized during 2013/14 in the city of Milan. The theoretical frame refers to different dimensions, respectively represented by the paradigm of contrast of anti-Gypsyism, the researches focused on educational policies towards Roma children and the inclusive education theory. Within this framework, the article analyses the assumptions on which the whole intervention was based and will provide an ethnographic account of the training activities carried out with the contribution of the authors in two schools in Milan. Based on these data, the article highlights the elements of continuity and discontinuity in educational policy toward Roma children and their families implemented in the city in the last years. The article analyses eventually the results of the training that was carried out, highlighting the effects produced by the interaction between research and reality. The analysis aims at revealing that anti-Gypsysm is, paradoxically, necessary for the emergence of the opposite paradigm (“contrasting anti-Gypsyism”), within which discourses are produced, funds are allocated, and the projects and careers of “opponents to anti-Gypsyism” are advanced.
Il presente articolo ha l'obiettivo di rilevare i punti di svolta nelle traiettorie di vita di tre famiglie rom romene che per oltre dieci anni hanno vissuto nella città di Mi-lano e sono quindi state bersaglio di interventi politici. L'analisi lascia spazio alla dimensione interpretativa dei soggetti e alla valutazione che essi stessi fanno degli esiti delle proprie carriere abitative: un appartamento in affitto, una casa popolare e una baracca, considerandoli parte di un processo complesso e determinato da una moltitudine di variabili individuali, famigliari, culturali e strutturali. Gli effetti diretti ed indiretti degli interventi istituzionali permettono così di inquadrare il complesso tema dell'agency e dell'autonomia dei rom mettendo in luce le intera-zioni tra strategie individuali e vincoli strutturali.
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