Integrated design optimization and technoeconomic analysis, with coupled hydrodynamic and kinetic modeling, was conducted for catalytic molten-media methane pyrolysis.
Accurately
quantifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential
for climate policy implementation but challenging in the case of electricity
transfers across regulatory jurisdictions. Regulating emissions associated
with delivered electricity is further complicated by contractual arrangements
for dynamic electricity transfers that confound emission accounting
approaches rooted in the physics of grid operations. Here, we propose
a novel consumption-based accounting methodology to reconcile the
nominal and the physical flows of electricity from generators to consumers.
We also compare capacity factor-based and regression-based approaches
for estimating default emission factors, in the absence of fully specified
nominal electricity flows. As a case study, we apply this approach
to assess the methods by which California regulators quantify specified
and unspecified electricity imports and their associated GHG emissions.
Collectively, these efforts illustrate principles for a comprehensive,
empirical accounting framework that could inform efforts to improve
the accuracy and consistency of policies regulating regional electricity
transfers.
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