Optimization-based technoeconomic analysis of molten-media methane pyrolysis for reducing industrial sector CO<sub>2</sub> emissions

Wald, Gregory Von; Masnadi, Mohammad S.; Upham, D. Chester; Brandt, Adam R.

doi:10.1039/d0se00427h

Cited by 33 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Given the increasing threat from global warming, developing sustainable and clean energy is closely associated with the future of humans. H 2 , with high combustion enthalpy and clean products, is widely recognized as the most promising eco-friendly fuel. , However, the industrial production of hydrogen is always energy-consuming and high-cost, involving electrolysis of water–methane pyrolysis, − and steam methane reforming, which fails to meet the requirement of the green economy. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a novel hydrogen production approach.…”

Section: Mofs With Enzyme Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Framework Catalysts: From Enzyme Immobilization to Biomimetic Catalysis

et al. 2023

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Enzymatic catalysis has fueled considerable interest from chemists due to its high efficiency and selectivity. However, the structural complexity and vulnerability hamper the application potentials of enzymes. Driven by the practical demand for chemical conversion, there is a long-sought quest for bioinspired catalysts reproducing and even surpassing the functions of natural enzymes. As nanoporous materials with high surface areas and crystallinity, metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an exquisite case of how natural enzymes and their active sites are integrated into porous solids, affording bioinspired heterogeneous catalysts with superior stability and customizable structures. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the advances of bioinspired MOFs for catalysis, discuss the design principle of various MOF-based catalysts, such as MOF−enzyme composites and MOFs embedded with active sites, and explore the utility of these catalysts in different reactions. The advantages of MOFs as enzyme mimetics are also highlighted, including confinement, templating effects, and functionality, in comparison with homogeneous supramolecular catalysts. A perspective is provided to discuss potential solutions addressing current challenges in MOF catalysis.

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Section: Mofs With Enzyme Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioinspired Framework Catalysts: From Enzyme Immobilization to Biomimetic Catalysis

et al. 2023

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“…Molten metals have been widely studied owing to their good catalytic activities, which are generally higher than those of molten salts. Von Wald et al [132] stated that the accumulated carbon could be removed by entrainment in the effluent gas; the carbon carried by the outlet gas flowed through a cyclone to remove the carbon particles. Then, to ensure complete carbon removal, a filter bag was placed downstream to remove very fine particles.…”

Section: Reactor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

2021

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Currently, hydrogen is mainly generated by steam methane reforming, with significant CO2 emissions, thus exacerbating the greenhouse effect. This environmental concern promotes methane cracking, which represents one of the most promising alternatives for hydrogen production with theoretical zero CO/CO2 emissions. Methane cracking has been intensively investigated using metallic and carbonaceous catalysts. Recently, research has focused on methane pyrolysis in molten metals/salts to prevent both reactor coking and rapid catalyst deactivation frequently encountered in conventional pyrolysis. Another expected advantage is the heat transfer improvement due to the high heat capacity of molten media. Apart from the reaction itself that produces hydrogen and solid carbon, the energy source used in this endothermic process can also contribute to reducing environmental impacts. While most researchers used nonrenewable sources based on fossil fuel combustion or electrical heating, concentrated solar energy has not been thoroughly investigated, to date, for pyrolysis in molten media. However, it could be a promising innovative pathway to further improve hydrogen production sustainability from methane cracking. After recalling the basics of conventional catalytic methane cracking and the developed solar cracking reactors, this review delves into the most significant results of the state-of-the-art methane pyrolysis in melts (molten metals and salts) to show the advantages and the perspectives of this new path, as well as the carbon products’ characteristics and the main factors governing methane conversion.

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“…Water electrolysis involves the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen by passing an electric current. , Hydrogen production from water via electrolysis is a completely CO 2 -free alternative only if the required electricity comes exclusively from renewable resources . If the electricity is not 100% emission-free, water electrolysis can even exceed the carbon footprint of SMR due to the high energy requirements . The problems related to renewable energies, such as solar and wind, are their variability and unpredictability, which leads to difficulties to match energy supply and demand.…”

Section: Traditional and Developing Technologies For Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methane pyrolysis is a one-step process, unlike SMR in which the water–gas shift (WGS) reaction has to be carried out additionally. Via the WGS reaction the CO produced in the reaction between methane and water is converted into CO 2 and additional hydrogen. , Regarding the energy efficiency, if the sequestration of CO 2 is not considered, SMR is significantly more efficient than methane pyrolysis (75% vs 58%). However, when the implementation of CCS systems is taken into account, the net energy efficiency of both processes becomes very similar (60% for SMR and 58% for methane pyrolysis) .…”

Section: Traditional and Developing Technologies For Hydrogen Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methane Pyrolysis for Zero-Emission Hydrogen Production: A Potential Bridge Technology from Fossil Fuels to a Renewable and Sustainable Hydrogen Economy

Sanchez‐Bastardo

Schlögl

Ruland

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

267

107

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Hydrogen plays a key role in many industrial applications and is currently seen as one of the most promising energy vectors. Many efforts are being made to produce hydrogen with zero CO2 footprint via water electrolysis powered by renewable energies. Nevertheless, the use of fossil fuels is essential in the short term. The conventional coal gasification and steam methane reforming processes for hydrogen production are undesirable due to the huge CO2 emissions. A cleaner technology based on natural gas that has received special attention in recent years is methane pyrolysis. The thermal decomposition of methane gives rise to hydrogen and solid carbon, and thus, the release of greenhouse gases is prevented. Therefore, methane pyrolysis is a CO2-free technology that can serve as a bridge from fossil fuels to renewable energies.

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Optimization-based technoeconomic analysis of molten-media methane pyrolysis for reducing industrial sector CO₂ emissions

Abstract:
Integrated design optimization and technoeconomic analysis, with coupled hydrodynamic and kinetic modeling, was conducted for catalytic molten-media methane pyrolysis.

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Bioinspired Framework Catalysts: From Enzyme Immobilization to Biomimetic Catalysis

Bioinspired Framework Catalysts: From Enzyme Immobilization to Biomimetic Catalysis

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

Methane Pyrolysis for Zero-Emission Hydrogen Production: A Potential Bridge Technology from Fossil Fuels to a Renewable and Sustainable Hydrogen Economy

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Optimization-based technoeconomic analysis of molten-media methane pyrolysis for reducing industrial sector CO2 emissions

Abstract: Integrated design optimization and technoeconomic analysis, with coupled hydrodynamic and kinetic modeling, was conducted for catalytic molten-media methane pyrolysis.

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Bioinspired Framework Catalysts: From Enzyme Immobilization to Biomimetic Catalysis

Bioinspired Framework Catalysts: From Enzyme Immobilization to Biomimetic Catalysis

Methane Cracking for Hydrogen Production: A Review of Catalytic and Molten Media Pyrolysis

Methane Pyrolysis for Zero-Emission Hydrogen Production: A Potential Bridge Technology from Fossil Fuels to a Renewable and Sustainable Hydrogen Economy

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Product

Resources

About

Optimization-based technoeconomic analysis of molten-media methane pyrolysis for reducing industrial sector CO₂ emissions

Abstract:
Integrated design optimization and technoeconomic analysis, with coupled hydrodynamic and kinetic modeling, was conducted for catalytic molten-media methane pyrolysis.