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Primary staging of prostate cancer relies on modalities, which are limited. We evaluate simultaneous [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET (PSMA-PET)/MRI as a new diagnostic method for primary tumor-node-metastasis staging compared with histology and its impact on therapeutic decisions. We investigated 122 patients with PSMA-PET/MRI prior to planned radical prostatectomy (RP). Primary endpoint was the accuracy of PSMA-PET/MRI in tumor staging as compared with staging-relevant histology. In addition, a multidisciplinary team reassessed the initial therapeutic approach to evaluate its impact on the therapeutic management. PSMA-PET/MRI correctly identified prostate cancer in 119 of 122 patients (97.5%). Eighty-one patients were treated with RP and pelvic lymphadenectomy. The accuracy for T staging was 82.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 73-90; < 0.001], for T2 stage was 85% (95% CI, 71-94; < 0.001), for T3a stage was 79% (95% CI, 43-85; < 0.001), for T3b stage was 94% (95% CI, 73-100; < 0.001), and for N1 stage was 93% (95% CI, 84-98; < 0.001). PSMA-PET/MRI changed the therapeutic strategy in 28.7% of the patients with either the onset of systemic therapy/radiotherapy ( = 16) or active surveillance ( = 19). PSMA-PET/MRI can provide an accurate staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer. In addition, treatment strategies were changed in almost a third of the patients due to the information of this hybrid imaging technique.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of [68Ga]Ga-PSMAHBED-CC conjugate 11 positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) in the early detection of metastases in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically non-metastatic prostate cancer, to compare it to CT/MRI alone and to assess its impact on further therapeutic decisions.Material and methodsWe retrospectively assessed 117 consecutive hormone-naïve BCR patients who had 68Ga-PSMA 11 PET/CT (n = 46) or PET/MRI (n = 71) between May 2014 and January 2017. BCR was defined as two PSA rises above 0.2 ng/ml. Two dedicated uro-oncological imaging experts (radiology/nuclear medicine) reviewed separately all images. All results were presented in a blinded sequential fashion to a multidisciplinary tumorboard in order to assess the influence of PSMA-PET imaging on decision-making.ResultsThe median time from RP to BCR was 36 months (IQR 16–72). Overall, 69 (59%) patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Median PSA level at the time of imaging was 1.04 ng/ml (IQR 0.58–1.87). PSMA-positive lesions were detected in 100 (85.5%) patients. Detection rates were 65% for a PSA value of 0.2 to <0.5 ng/ml, 85.7% for 0.5 to <1, 85.7% for 1 to <2 and 100% for ≥2. PSMA-positive lesions could be confirmed by either histology (16%), PSA decrease in metastasis-directed radiotherapy (45%) or additional information in diffusion-weighted imaging when PET/MRI was performed (18%) in 79% of patients. PSMA-PET detected lesions in 67 patients (57.3%) who had no suspicious correlates according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria on MRI or CT. PSMA-PET changed therapeutic decisions in 74.6% of these 67 patients (p < 0.001), with 86% of them being considered for metastases-directed therapies.ConclusionsWe confirm the high performance of PSMA-PET imaging for the detection of disease recurrence sites in patients with BCR after RP, even at relatively low PSA levels. Moreover, it adds significant information to standard CT/MRI, changing treatment strategies in a significant number of patients.

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Observed advantages of autoplanning were clinically relevant and larger than reported in the literature. The latter is likely related to the multi-criterial nature of the applied autoplanning algorithm, with for each center a dedicated configuration that aims at plan improvements relative to its (clinical) training plans. Large variations among patients in differences between manVMAT and autoVMAT point at inconsistencies in manual planning.

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