The economic and scientific interest in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (mangabeira) has increased in recent years, especially due to the commercialization of its fruits and the extraction of natural compounds with high pharmacological potential. This paper aims to determine and correlate the main physical and biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of mangaba tree, as well as identifying the most appropriate substrate for the seedling emergence test. The following physical and biometric traits were measured in 100 fruits and 100 seeds: longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, thickness, fresh mass, pulp fresh mass, volume, number of seeds. To identify the best substrate, a completely randomized design with two treatments (substrates) and ten replications of 20 seeds was used. The evaluated substrates were: sand and commercial substrate (Plantmax HT®). The shoot height, root length, stem diameter, total dry mass, and the relation between shoot height and stem diameter were evaluated at 50 days after sowing. Mangaba fruits and seeds showed great variations in their biometric traits, in addition to significant and positive correlation predominant in most characteristics. High fruit pulp yield can be optimized with the selection of plants with fruits show greater fresh mass due to the high degree of association between this characteristic and pulp yield. The use of the commercial substrate resulted in higher shoot height, greater number of leaves, and higher shoot height/stem diameter ratio.
The application of silicon is becoming popular in agriculture as an alternative for integrated crop management, owing to the diverse benefits resulting from the accumulation of silicon in grasses and the resultant resistance conferred in plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the application of silicon, via seed coating and leaf application, influences the production and yield components of maize in the second crop. The experimental design was divided into split plots, in which the plots were composed of phyllosilicate doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g kg-1 of seeds) in the seed coatings and the subplots were composed of foliar applications of potassium silicate (1.0 L ha-1 in pre-dip and 15 days after). We evaluated the plant height, spike insertion height, spike and corncob diameter, number of rows per spike, number of grains per row, the mass of 100 grains, and productivity. The foliar application of potassium silicate had no effect on the yield and yield components of the corn crop. The use of phyllosilicate via seed coating increased the production components and yield of the second corn crop.
A combinação de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio e fungos biocontroladores que interferem no desenvolvimento de plantas pode constituir uma ferramenta que permita promover uma melhor qualidade de sementes obtidas sob estas combinações. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a interação de bioprodutos a base de Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma asperrellum e BioAx aplicados no solo visando melhorar a qualidade de sementes em cultivares de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 4, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em três cultivares de soja [Brasmax Foco IPRO, Brasmax Desafio IPRO e Brasmax Bônus IPRO] e quatro biológicos [T1- Azospirillum brasilense + Bradyrhizobium japonicum, T2- BioAx, T3- Trichoderma asperrellum, e T4- a combinação dos três biológicos]. Avaliou-se: a primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, condutividade elétrica, massa seca da parte área e de raízes de plântulas e teste de tetrazólio (vigor e viabilidade). Os resultados mostraram que as respostas obtidas foram dependentes das cultivares avaliadas, e que Brasmax Foco IPRO e Brasmax Desafio IPRO apresentaram maior qualidade fisiológica das sementes. O efeito dos biológicos dependem da cultivar da soja; em cultivares com maior qualidade fisiológica o efeito do biológico não é evidente. Entretanto, em cultivares com menor qualidade fisiológica (Brasmax Bônus IPRO), o efeito dos biológicos é mais evidente, constituindo assim uma excelente alternativa de se melhorar a qualidade das sementes de soja com o uso combinado de biológicos.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a pH test of the exudate (with and without tegument) as an indicator of the physiological quality of rice seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven lots and four replications. The seven lots were assessed for water content and initial physiological quality by means of germination, first germination count, emergence, emergence speed index and tetrazolium tests. The pH test of the exudate was conducted with 100 seeds of each treatment, with tegument and without tegument. The seeds were individually soaked in 2.0 mL distilled water for different periods (20, 40, and 60 minutes) and three temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C). The results were submitted to the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. The pH test of the exudate is a promising method to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds by detecting differences in vigor between marketable lots. This test should be conducted with rice seed without tegument, at 25 °C, with a soak time of 60 minutes.
The use and incorporation of basalt powder in the soil have grown every year, and there are still no studies showing its effects on the physiological quality of soybean seeds. Thus, considering the importance of this response in the production system, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological condition of soybean seeds after applying different doses of basalt powder in the soil. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars, and four doses of basalt powder (0, 1, 3, and 5 t ha-1) produced in the 2018/2019 harvest in the region of Chapadão do Sul, MS. The tests carried out were: first germination count, germination, electrical conductivity, dry mass of the upper plant and roots, and tetrazolium test (vigor, viability, mechanical damage, moisture, and bed bug damage). The results were submitted to the normality test and analysis of variance, followed by comparisons of means by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability. The results showed for the first time the combined effects of both factors tested only on the variables: electrical conductivity, root length, vigor, viability, and mechanical damage. The response obtained was dependent on the cultivars evaluated, which differed for all measured characteristics.
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