The paper presents it numerical model for the analysis of the soil-structure kinematic interaction of single piles and pile groups embedded in layered soil deposits during seismic actions. A finite element model is considered for the pile group and the soil is assumed to be a Winkler-type medium. The pile-soil-pile interaction and the radiation problem are accounted for by means of elastodynarnic Green's functions. Condensation of the problem permits a consistent and straight forward derivation of both the impedance functions and the foundation input motion, which are necessary to perform the inertial soil-structure interaction analyses. The model proposed allows calculating the internal forces induced by soil-pile and pile-to-pile interaction,,. Comparisons with data available in literature are made to Study the convergence and validate the model. Ail application to a realistic pile foundation is given to demonstrate the potential of the model to catch the dynamic behaviour of the soil-foundation system and the stress resultants in each pile. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Soils, Ltd

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This paper describes three novel displacement-based formulations for the analysis of composite beams with a flexible connection which is capable of deforming along the longitudinal axis of the member as well as vertically, i.e. transverse to the interface connection. For completeness, the analytical model which forms the basis of the proposed modelling technique is presented in both its weak and strong forms. The three novel finite element formulations are derived and tested using different structural systems; their nodal freedoms include the vertical and axial displacements as well as the rotations at each element end of both layers. Curvature locking problems are observed to occur for one of these elements and the origin of this behaviour is demonstrated analytically. Two applications are then proposed adopting a bi-linear constitutive relationship for the vertical interface connection to, reflect the more realistic case in which, already in the linear-elastic range of the materials forming the cross-section and of the longitudinal interface connection, two vertical connection stiffnesses are required, i.e. one to model the event of separation between the layers and one when one bears against the other one. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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