A beam finite element including shear lag effect for the time-dependent analysis of steel–concrete composite decks

Full-scale long-term experiments of simply supported composite beams with solid slabs

“…Since then, extensive work has been carried out relying on this model or extending its applicability. For example, some of these studies have focussed on the linear-elastic response of composite beam-columns (e.g., [4][5][6]), the shear deformability of the steel joist (e.g., [7,8]), the derivation of analytical and numerical models to predict the time-dependent behaviour of composite members (e.g., [9][10][11][12][13]) and related finite element (FE) or direct stiffness implementations (e.g., [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]), formulations to account for shear-lag effects (e.g., [21,22]) and their FE applications (e.g., [14,23]), nonlinear material properties (e.g., [24][25][26][27][28]), the nonlinear response in hogging moment regions (e.g., [29,30]), the occurrence of vertical separation between the slab and steel joist (e.g., [31]), the behaviour of timber composite solutions (e.g., [32,33]), making use of thermal prestressing (e.g., [34]), the derivation of analytical models for the partial interaction analysis of multi-layered members (e.g., [35,36]), and the buckling or nonlinear geometric composite response (e.g., [4,[36][37][38]). …”

Partial Interaction Analysis With Shear-Lag Effects of Composite Bridges: A Finite Element Implementation for Design Applications

“…This discrepancy was already observed in [7] for simpler bridge arrangements and was justified by the shear deformability of the steel components that is neglected in the proposed numerical formulation. The same finite element model is re-utilised for this analysis while increasing the shear modulus of the materials adopted for the shell elements.…”

“…Under the assumption of linear-elastic behaviour for the materials forming the cross section and for the shear connection, a displacement-based finite element has been developed [7] and implemented for the modelling of composite beams with complex static schemes [3]. A local reference system is introduced for each element with the origin located at node i ( Figure 2).…”

Short- and long-term analytical solutions for composite beams with partial interaction and shear-lag effects

“…These configurations consist of simply supported beams, propped cantilevers and fixed-end beams, which can be regarded as limit cases representative for the structural response of statically determinate and indeterminate composite bridge systems. For benchmarking purposes, the results calculated using the analytical solutions are compared with those obtained with a finite element procedure (Gara et al, 2009). In the results presented based on the latter approach, the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete is modelled by means of the general step-by-step procedure instead of the algebraic methods used in the analytical solutions.…”

“…A few years later Sun and Bursi (2005) and Macorini et al (2006) presented a finite element solution of the same problem. With particular focus on bridge applications with complex static schemes Gara et al (2008) presented a finite element formulation capable analysing static configurations which exhibit threedimensional features, while a comprehensive numerical study was recently presented in (Gara et al, 2009 In this context, this paper presents general solutions to describe both short-and long-term behaviour of composite beams with partial interaction and accounting for shearlag effects. The weak formulation is derived by means of the principle of virtual work.…”