Improved public understanding of the ocean and the importance of sustainable ocean use, or ocean literacy, is essential for achieving global commitments to sustainable development by 2030 and beyond. However, growing human populations (particularly in mega-cities), urbanisation and socioeconomic disparity threaten opportunities for people to engage and connect directly with ocean environments. Thus, a major challenge in engaging the whole of society in achieving ocean sustainability by 2030 is to develop strategies to improve societal connections to the ocean. The concept of ocean literacy reflects public understanding of the ocean, but is also an indication of connections to, and attitudes and behaviours towards, the ocean. Improving and progressing global ocean literacy has potential to catalyse the behaviour changes necessary for achieving a sustainable future. As part of the Future Seas project (https://futureseas2030.org/), this paper aims to synthesise knowledge and perspectives on ocean literacy from a range of disciplines, including but not exclusive to marine biology, socio-ecology, philosophy, technology, psychology, oceanography and human health. Using examples from the literature, we outline Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
At present, the capability to collect information from different sources (BIM, Sensors, Assets database) for Asset Management (AM) use has generated significant opportunities for asset owners and Facility Managers. Building Information Modeling (BIM) in particular, is considered as a potentially effective data pool for storing and managing project information during the 15 building lifecycle, providing a common data environment for stakeholder data and guarantying 16 information availability and credibility at the handover stage. However, this data integration in a BIM environment has come along with issues related to the establishment of an effective process to extract, store, manage, integrate and distribute data to ensure interoperability. Further to the interoperability issue, an important challenge is the identification of what data is relevant, reliable, useful and also can add value to the AM processes. This research explores the asset owner requirements from BIM in the operation and maintenance stage from an AM perspective. The research aim is twofold: first, to synthesize the non-geometric BIM data required for AM 23 and develop a relevant taxonomy. And secondly, to develop an Application Programing Interface 24 2 (API) plug-in for Autodesk Revit in order to implement the proposed taxonomy. To achieve the aims of this study, a critical review of previous literature, face-to-face and focus group interviews with BIM and Facilities Management (FM) experts were conducted. The main output is a sixty-parameter Asset Consuming Energy Information Management (ACE-IM) taxonomy and the relevant API plug-in which can help BIM professionals to identify the required data to be submitted to Facility Managers in order to improve AM processes.
The ocean economy is experiencing rapid growth that will provide benefits but will also pose environmental and social risks. With limited space and degraded resources in coastal areas, offshore waters will be a particular focus of Blue Economy expansion over the next decade. When emerging and established economic sectors expand in offshore waters (within national Exclusive Economic Zones), different potential Blue Economy opportunities and challenges will arise. Following a series of interdisciplinary workshops, we imagine two technically possible futures for the offshore Blue Economy and we identify the actions required to achieve the more sustainable outcome. Under a business as usual scenario the focus will remain on economic growth, the commodification of nature, the dominance of private over public and cultural interests, and prioritisation of the interests of current over future generations. A more sustainable scenario would meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals and ensure inclusive economic developments, environmental sustainability, and fair and equitable access to resources and technologies across users, nations, and generations. Challenges to this more sustainable future are a lack of infrastructure and technology to support emerging offshore sectors, limited understanding of environmental impacts, inequitable outcomes, and a lack of planning and governmental oversight. Addressing these challenges will require a shift in societal values, a more balanced allocation of funding to offshore activities, transparency in information sharing between industries and across nations, and adjustment of international legal and institutional mechanisms. The sustainable and equitable offshore Blue Economy we envisage is achievable and provides a unique opportunity to build global capacity and partnership.
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