Selectfluor, one of the most reactive and commonly used electrophilic fluorinating N–F reagents, has been radiolabeled with 18F. The resulting new [18F]‐labeled N–F reagent is safe, nontoxic, and easy to handle. The combined use of [18F]Selectfluor bis(triflate) and AgOTf allows for the preparation of electron‐rich 18F‐aromatic compounds through a simple “shake and mix” protocol at room temperature (see scheme; SA=specific activtiy).
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AbstractFluorine is an essential element for life in the developed world that impacts hugely on the general public because many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, anaesthetics, materials and air conditioning materials owe their important properties to the presence of fluorine atoms within their structures.All fluorine atoms used in organic chemistry are ultimately sourced from a mined raw material, fluorspar (CaF 2 ), but, given current usage and global reserve estimates, there is only sufficient fluorspar available for a further 100 years. New large scale raw material sources of fluorine are available but must be sufficiently developed for the benefits of fluorinated systems to continue in the long term.1.
Continuous flow gas-liquid thin film microreactors have been effectively used for the selective fluorination of a range of 1,3-dicarbonyl and aromatic substrates and, additionally, the conversion of aromatic disulfides to the corresponding sulfur pentafluorides. Scale-up was demonstrated by the application of a three channel microreactor device fabricated by replication of a single channel system.
Treatment of readily available α,α-difluoro- and α-fluoroarylacetic acids with Selectfluor under Ag(I) catalysis led to decarboxylative fluorination. This operationally simple reaction gave access to tri- and difluoromethylarenes applying a late-stage fluorination strategy. Translation to [(18)F]labeling is demonstrated using [(18)F]Selectfluor bis(triflate), a reagent affording [(18)F]tri- and [(18)F]difluoromethylarenes not within reach with [(18)F]F2.
Versatile and conveniently operated microreactor devices, suitable for long term chemical synthesis for both laboratory and industrial use, are described. Direct fluorination of ethyl acetoacetate by fluorine gas is used as a model reaction to illustrate the successful application of reactors having either 9, 18 or 30 microchannels, with all channels supplied from single reagent sources, to provide significant quantities of fluorinated products. Convenient reactor maintenance, simple design, versatility and the enhanced safety features of using such modular microreactor devices, make these systems appropriate for synthesis on the large scale.
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