Predictions about changes over the period 2005 to 2010 in the nature and structure of the IT profession in organizations operating in developed nations were tested for organizations operating in eight different organizational sectors in Thailand. Data collected in 2006 and 2011 from organizations in Thailand was used to test the predictions and to identify similarities and differences among the sectors with respect to the importance of specific knowledge and skills associated with each part of the predicted structure. The findings provide theoretical and practical insights into the development of the nature and structure of the IT profession in Thailand over the past five years and the relative importance of IT professional skills in each organizational sector. KEYWORDS:IT skills, specialists, Thailand, versatilists, work domains. 1.INTRODUCTION Studies of the IT profession in developed nations are common and play an important role in matching organizational IT needs with knowledge and skills. Unfortunately, this is not the situation in Thailand despite the importance given to the role of IT in national planning documents (e.g. National ICT Policy Framework 2011-2020 at www.ict2020.in.th). This is the fourth in a continuing program of studies of the IT profession and technologies used in organizations in Thailand designed to address this situation. The first study by Wongwuttiwat et al. (2005) concerning changes in the nature and structure of the IT profession among organizations classified as IT providers in Thailand, if their purpose was to provide IT products or services in the marketplace, or as IT users, if they used IT to achieve a different organizational purpose.The predictions by Morello (2005) were based on information gathered from medium to large size organizations operating in developed nations and they describe changes in demand across the period 2005 to 2010 for IT expertise organized in a theoretical framework with four domains of expertise (Technology Infrastructure and Services, Information Design and Management, Process Design and Management, and Relationship and Sourcing Management) used to describe the proposed structure of the IT profession by 2010. The predictions by Plummer et al. (2005), which were also referenced by Morello (2005), refer to changes in demands from 2005 for particular types of IT professionals described as specialists and versatilists depending on the breadth, depth, and the scope of the recognition of their skills. These predictions by Plummer et al. may be seen as complementary to those by Morello in the sense that Morello's predictions address the structure of the IT profession

This study was motivated by the challenges confronting the developing Southeast Asian nation of Thailand in realizing national policy objectives aimed at creating a knowledgebased society. The study determines and compares the development plans of 72 medium to large sized organizations representing 7 organizational sectors in terms of the relative and changing importance assigned to a range of technologies, professional activities, and IT knowledge/skills and assesses the alignment of these development plans with national policy objectives.Keywords: ICTs, Knowledge-based Society, National Policies, Organizational Sectors, Professional Activities and Skills INTRODUCTIONSince 1992 This Master Plan identifies 7 strategic agenda to: elevate the Thai ICT industry to become a regional leader; utilize ICT to enhance the quality of Thai society; reform and enhance ICT research and development (R&D); develop human resources; enhance entrepreneurial leadership; promote the use of ICT in small and medium enterprises (SMEs); and utilize ICT for the purpose of public administration and services. A full description of the development and content of this series of policy statements is given by Intarakumnerd and Panthawi (2003).Against this background of national policies and frameworks this study has 2 objectives: (i) to determine and compare the development plans of medium to large sized organizations representing different organizational sectors in terms of the relative and changing importance the sectors assign to technologies, professional activities, and IT knowledge/skills; and (ii) to assess the alignment of these development plans in the sectors with national policy objectives.No previous study of this type in Thailand was found and since the national ICT policies in Thailand were not formulated on the basis of organizational sectors this study provides a different perspective on the alignment of development plans within sectors and the national policies. The findings and methodology are expected to be of interest to those interested in national ICT policy formulation and implementation in developing countries, and academics, practitioners, policy makers, and commercial organizations interested in ICT developments and opportunities in Thailand as seen from the perspectives of different organizational sectors. NATIONAL POLICIES AND RELATED LITERATURESummaries of national policies are presented together with the results of an evaluation of IT-2000. This is followed by a review of published research over the period 2003-2007 on aspects of ICT development in Thailand and includes a SWOT analysis of ICT in Thailand, comparisons with other Asian countries, and ICT indicators used to monitor development.

The purpose of this study is to explore expectations in information technology skills for organizations in Vietnam, a developing country in South East Asia. Previous research in Vietnam has mainly focused on information technology adoption; this study offers an insight into the demands of information technology skills in Vietnam. A theoretical framework consisting of five domains of expertise is used to examine the nature and structure of information technology profession in Vietnam. Results from the study show that there is an anticipated increase in demand for information technology professionals who possess deep skills in a broad scope of roles and experience both in information technology and other business domains. Technical skills in the technology infrastructure and services domain in combination with strong communication and problem solving qualities are highly valued by Vietnamese employers.

This exploratory study aims to determine the technologies, IT professional activities, areas of IT knowledge/skills and related concerns, at present and within the next five years, which are important to private and public organisations operating in the Southeast Asian nation of Thailand. The study was motivated by the challenges confronting a developing nation in realising national IT policy objectives aimed at creating a knowledge-based society in the wake of a serious economic downturn in the late 1990s. Conclusions drawn from the analysis of responses to a questionnaire highlight the problems and future intentions for the use of information and communication technologies from the perspective of international and local, medium-and large-sized, organisations operating in Thailand.

This exploratory study compares the adoption and use of ICT in the developing nations of Vietnam and Thailand by examining the nature and structure of the IT profession in medium to large size organizations. A theoretical framework is used with three related components: domains of IT professional expertise; the scope of the IT professional's knowledge, skills, and experience; and specific knowledge and skills associated with the domains of professional expertise. The findings provide insights that are not found in existing reports which address ICT issues at a national rather than an organizational level. In particular, findings concerned with the first two components of the framework for both nations are compared to predictions about the adoption and use of ICT in organizations in technologically developed nations. ABSTRACTThis exploratory study compares the adoption and use of ICT in the developing nations of Vietnam and Thailand by examining the nature and structure of the IT profession in medium to large size organizations. A theoretical framework is used with three related components: domains of IT professional expertise; the scope of the IT professional's knowledge, skills, and experience; and specific knowledge and skills associated with the domains of professional expertise. The findings provide insights that are not found in existing reports which address ICT issues at a national rather than an organizational level. In particular, findings concerned with the first two components of the framework for both nations are compared to predictions about the adoption and use of ICT in organizations in technologically developed nations.

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This exploratory study investigates the adoption and use of information and communication technologies in Myanmar by examining the nature and structure of the information technology profession. The investigation is based on a theoretical framework consisting of three components: domains of information technology professional expertise; the scope of the information technology professional's knowledge, skills and experience; and specific knowledge and skills associated with the domains of professional expertise. The findings show that specialist skills in systems development, database, network and communications are important. This paper also provides insights that are not found in current literature which investigates information technology skills in Myanmar.Keywords: Myanmar, IT skills, IT adoption. 1.INTRODUCTION Myanmar embarked on the path of political and economic reforms in 2011. This created an opportunity and challenges to investigate the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in the country by examining the nature and structure of the information technology (IT) profession. Myanmar is the second largest country in Southeast Asia. It borders five nations and has a population of 48.34 million (The World Bank, 2012). The World Bank categorizes Myanmar as a low income country and its economy is primarily an agricultural economy (The Asian Development Bank, 2012a; The World Bank, 2012). Economic indicator from The Asian Development Bank shows that Myanmar is experiencing 5.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2011 and its economy is expected to grow at seven to eight percent a year, triple per capita income and become a middle income nation by 2030 (The Asian Development Bank, 2012a). To achieve this goal, the government of Myanmar is developing coherent strategies to overcome many structural impediments to realize the economy's potential by opening foreign investment in a range of sectors (The Asian Development Bank, 2011; The Asian Development Bank, 2012b).In a report prepared for the United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Pernia (2008) reported that Myanmar is a country with high appreciation of technology but low in availability of technology. The Myanmar's government ICT master plan shows that it aims to utilize IT as a vehicle for business organizations penetrating the international market and to have widespread business applications of IT in EJISDC (2013) 59, 3, The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries http://www.ejisdc.org 2 organizations to improve productivity (SEACOOP, 2010). The report from SEACOOP (2010) also concludes that although Myanmar is at an early stage of ICT development, there is a clear potential for developing a viable ICT industry and effective use of ICT to make the country more productive and competitive in the international market. In addition, it has identified software development and training to be the key drivers of ICT development in Myanmar (SEACOOP, 2010). One of the key...

A theoretical model of information technology (IT) project management was formulated based on the results of previous studies incorporating transactional and transformational leadership styles, team diversity, and team culture as determinants of team processes and project outcomes. The study addresses the lack of previous studies of IT projects and is concerned with infrastructure and software projects conducted in cross-functional environments with co-located teams in the context of Thailand. The model was tested and developed to a final model using data collected from a sample of 219 professionals with experience in IT projects in Thailand. The results confirmed several reported effects of leadership styles, team diversity, and culture on team cooperation, cohesion, and conflict and their subsequent effects on performance and psychosocial project outcomes. The findings highlighted results not commonly reported in previous studies of IT project management concerning the role of dominant cultural characteristics of Thai society at the level project teams as well as important direct effects of leadership styles and aspects of team diversity on performance and psychosocial outcomes. Based on the findings practical recommendations for improving IT project outcomes are presented.