ENGLISHThe prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than in nondiabetic The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. The research used an observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati Regency of 2014. Case group were 57 patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes, while control group were the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis. This study has been obtained ethical clearance from The Ethical Committee of Health Research Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University or dr. Kariadi Hospital. Results : factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6.4; 95% CI: 2.18-18.77; p=0.001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5.4; 95% CI: 1.97 – 14.704; p=0.001), and medication adherence (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.32-9.83; p=0.012). Other risk factors that not significantly influenced were age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration. INDONESIAPrevalensi hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan non DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati tahun 2014. Jenis Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol pada pasien Puskesmas. Kelompok kasus adalah 57 pasien DM tipe 2 dengan hipertensi sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah 57 pasien DM tipe 2 tanpa hipertensi. Data diperoleh dari observasi catatan medis dan wawancara. Uji chi-square pada analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Penelitian ini telah memdapatkan Ethical clearance dari Komisi Etik FK UNDIP/RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Hasil Penelitian : faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik kurang (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), lama menderita DM ≥5 tahun (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), dan kepatuhan minum obat DM (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Faktor yang tidak berpengaruh adalah : usia ≥45 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, kepatuhan diet DM, riwayat hipertensi, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan makan asin, kebiasaan minum kopi, dan lama waktu tidur.
Extended urban spatial formation has been a major phenomena in many cities’ development, in Indonesia, including big, medium and smaller size of cities. Using the case which occurred in the Kabupaten Sukoharjo, an adjacent kabupaten of the City of Surakarta, this paper discusses the process of population growth, land expansion and their impact on the agricultural land outside the city’s perimeter, in the metropolitanization process of Surakarta as a secondary metropolitan growth in Java based on a medium city size as the core of the metropolitan. The analysis applies time-serial statistical data gathered from the kabupaten’s monographs. It also applies comparative analysis among the kecamatan (districts) in the kabupaten that are classified into two types of kecamatan: the adjacent and the non-adjacent. The analysis indicates a dramatic changing of urban land, which confirmed the impact of uncontrolled urbanization into agricultural land in the peripheries in terms of losing of fertile agricultural land. It also indicates that the process leads to the needs to develop other agricultural land to substitute the loss of fertile agricultural land. Therefore, the analysis indicates the double impacts of metropolitanization process into agricultural land, such as: the loss of fertile agricultural land in its peri-urban and the implication of efforts in producing fertile land in other areas.
Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.
Background: The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than it is in nondiabetic individuals This chronic condition accelerates macrovascular complications. Research about risk factors of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is still rare because its causes multifactorial. The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: An observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati District. Patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes are the case, while the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension are the control. There were 57 cases and 57 controls included. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: Factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), and medication adherence (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Other risk factors i.e age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration were not significantly influenced.Conclusion: In this study, physical activity, diabetes duration, and DM medication adherence are risk factors that influence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients.
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