The present study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Clark's, Salisbury and Penna's rules and the Body Surface Area (BSA) formula for calculation of pediatric drug dosage, as well as their reliability and viability in the clinical use. These rules are frequently cited in the literature, but much controversy still exists with regards to their use. The pediatric drug dosage was calculated by utilization of the aforementioned rules and using the drugs Paracetamol, Dipyrone, Diclofenac Potassium, Nimesulide, Amoxicillin and Erythromycin, widely employed in Pediatric Dentistry. Weight and body surface areas were considered of children with ages between 1 and 12 years old as well as the dosage for the adult. The pediatric dosages achieved were compared to the predetermined dosages in mg kg-1 herein-named standard dosages. The results were submitted to the parametric test ANOVA and to the Tukey test (p<0,05). The antibiotics and Diclofenac provides acceptable utilization of the rules in pediatric dentistry, however for the Dipyrone, the dosages obtained by the rules suggest their clinical ineffectiveness. For the Paracetamol, the Penna's rule and the BSA formula should not be clinically employed, especially for children between 1 and 5 years old, once such dosages were much close to the hepatotoxic dosage of the drug. It can be concluded that the use of the rules for safe calculation of the pediatric drug dosage is possible and it depends on the used drug and age group.

Several pathologies have been diagnosed in children of hypertensive mothers; however, some studies that evaluated the alterations in their oral health are not conclusive. This study analyzed the salivary gland activity and dental mineralization of offsprings of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirty-day-old SHR males and Wistar rats were studied. The salivary flow was evaluated by injection of pilocarpine, the protein concentration and salivary amylase activity, by the Lowry method and kinetic method at 405 nm, respectively. Enamel and dentin mineralization of the mandibular incisors was quantified with aid of the microhardness meter. The results were analyzed by the ANOVA or Student's t test (p<0.05). It was noticed that the salivary flow rate (0.026 mL/min/100 g ± 0.002) and salivary protein concentration (2.26 mg/mL ± 0.14) of SHR offspring were reduced compared to Wistar normotensive offspring (0.036 mL/min/100 g ± 0.003 and 2.91 mg/mL ± 0.27, respectively), yet there was no alteration in amylase activity (SHR: 242.4 U/mL ± 36.9; Wistar: 163.8 U/mL ± 14.1). Microhardness was lower both in enamel (255.8 KHN ± 2.6) and dentin (59.9 KHN ± 0.8) for the SHR teeth compared to the Wistar teeth (enamel: 328.7 KHN ± 3.3 and dentin: 67.1 KHN ± 1.0). These results suggest that the SHR offspring are more susceptible to development of pathologies impairing oral health, once they presented lesser flow and salivary protein concentration and lower dental mineralization.

The salivary activity in pups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar (W) rats treated with atenolol during pregnancy, and lactation was evaluated. Atenolol's anti-hypertensive effect on the SHR rats was noticed from the beginning of treatment. Atenolol-treated SHR and Wistar rat pups showed a decrease in salivary gland weight, salivary flow, and protein concentration, with no alteration in salivary amylase activity. Atenolol's effect on salivary glands can interfere with oral health maintenance.

Objetivo: Com base na notória necessidade da presença da disciplina de psicologia nas grades curriculares do ensino superior de cursos de saúde, buscou-se compreender qual sua oferta nas graduações em odontologia, obtendo-se um panorama da inserção da disciplina de psicologia nos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de graduação em odontologia da região Sudeste do Brasil. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal no qual as grades curriculares dos cursos foram analisadas, buscando-se as informações referentes às variáveis: oferta da disciplina, natureza do componente curricular (obrigatória ou não-obrigatória), forma em que o conteúdo é ministrado (presencial ou à distância) e carga horária. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 176 faculdades, das quais 32 foram excluídas por não disponibilizarem suas respectivas grades curriculares. Observou-se que 98 (68,05%) instituições de ensino superior (IES) oferecem a disciplina de em sua grade curricular, sendo 78,44% obrigatória, 78,57% presencial e com carga horária máxima de 80h e mínima de 30h. Conclusão: Conclui-se que, embora seja ofertada na maioria das IES, é necessária a elevação da inclusão dessa disciplina em toda a amostra estudada, visto que ela é de grande relevância para a humanização do atendimento odontológico.

Objective: To evaluate the in vivo clinical effectiveness of two commercial fluoride varnish formulations. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of seven children aged 2-5 years for a total of 24 active white spot lesions (WSL) in primary teeth. Children were randomly divided into two groups in accordance with the varnish used: G1 -Duraphat® -DR (n = 14 WSL); and G2 -Duofluorid XII® -DF (n = 10 WSL). Children were submitted to treatment with varnishes applied once a week for four consecutive weeks. Maximum mesiodistal and incisogengival dimensions were measured with a periodontal probe at the beginning of treatment and on the fifth week of treatment. The average between the two dimensions represented the value of the WSL dimension. The comparison of the mean final values of WSL dimensions between groups of fluoride varnishes tested was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: After five weeks, most WSL were ranked as inactive (G1 = 71.4% and G2 = 40%). No significant difference between G1 and G2 in relation to lesion activity was observed (p = 0.124). There was a significant decrease of 24% between initial (3.12 mm ± 1.49 mm) and final WSL dimension (2.35 mm ± 1.06 mm) (p = 0.012) in G1. In G2, there was a significant reduction of 40% in lesion dimension with initial value of 5.7 mm (± 3.82 mm) and final value of 3.4 mm (± 3.35 mm) (p = 0.013). Regarding the reduction in the WSL dimension, no significant difference between groups was observed (p = 0.931). Conclusion: Both fluoride varnish formulations tested had similar effect on the control of active white spot lesions in primary teeth.

This study evaluates how atenolol affects dental mineralization in offspring of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (fSHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (fW). fSHR and fW were treated with atenolol (100 mg/Kg/day, orally) during pregnancy and lactation. Non-treated fSHR and fW were the control groups. Enamel and dentin hardness were analyzed (Knoop, 15 g load, 10s) in mandibular incisor teeth (IT) and molar teeth (MT) obtained from the male offspring of atenolol-treated and non-treated fWistar and fSHR. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05). Atenolol reduced the arterial blood pressure (SBP) in fSHR, but it did not change the SBP in fW. The offspring of non-treated fSHR had lower enamel (IT and MT) and dentin (IT) hardness than the offspring of non-treated fW (p < 0.05). Atenolol increased enamel and dentin hardness in the IT obtained from the offspring of fSHR and fW (p<0.05), but the offspring of fSHR presented higher values (p < 0.05). Atenolol did not alter enamel width in the IT obtained from any of the groups, but it increased enamel and dentin hardness in the IT obtained from the offspring of fSHR and fW. Atenolol affected the IT obtained from the offspring of fSHR. Atenolol increased only enamel hardness in the MT obtained from the offspring of fW. In conclusion, maternal hypertension reduces tooth hard tissues, and treatment with atenolol increases tooth hardness in male offspring of hypertensive and normotensive female rats.