Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are strongly associated with dental caries. However, the relationship between oral streptococci and dental caries in children with Down syndrome is not well characterized. Objective To assess and compare dental caries experience and salivary S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and streptococci counts between groups of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome children and adolescents.Material and Methods This study included a sample of 30 Down syndrome children and adolescents (G-DS) and 30 age- and sex-matched non-Down syndrome subjects (G-ND). Dental caries experience was estimated by the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth in the primary dentition and the permanent dentition. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from all participants. The fluorescence in situ hybridization technique was used to identify the presence and counts of the bacteria. The statistical analysis included chi-square, Student’s t-test and Spearman’s correlation.Results The G-DS exhibited a significantly higher caries-free rate (p<0.001) and a lower S. mutans salivary density (p<0.001). No significant differences were found in the salivary densities of S. sobrinus or streptococci between the groups (p=0.09 and p=0.21, respectively). The salivary S. mutans or S. sobrinus densities were not associated with dental caries experience in neither group.Conclusion The reduced dental caries experience observed in this group of Down syndrome children and adolescents cannot be attributed to lower salivary S. mutans densities, as determined with the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique.

The aim of this study was to use the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to test the hypothesis of qualitative and quantitative differences of 8 periodontopathogens between pregnant and non-pregnant women. This cross-sectional study included 20 pregnant women in their second trimester of pregnancy and 20 non-pregnant women. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected and the FISH technique identified the presence and numbers of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. The Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to compare the data between the two groups. The mean age, ethnicity, marital status, education, and economic level in both groups were similar. The clinical parameters showed no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The numbers of subgingival periodontopathogens were not found to be significantly different between groups, despite the higher mean counts of P. intermedia in pregnant women. Colonization patterns of the different bacteria most commonly associated with periodontal disease were not different in the subgingival plaque of pregnant and non-pregnant women.

This study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, in women in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 14 and 24 weeks), and 48 h and 8 weeks postpartum. Of 31 women evaluated during pregnancy, 24 returned for the 48-h and 18 for their 8-week exams postpartum. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and FISH was used to identify the numbers of eight periodontal pathogens. Friedman test was used to compare differences between follow-up examinations, followed by a multiple comparison test for a post hoc pairwise comparison. Clinically, a significantly greater number of teeth with PD = 4-5 mm were found during pregnancy than on postpartum examinations. Microbial analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in cell count over the study period for Prevotella nigrescens. P. intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis also decrease, although not significantly, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increased. No significant changes were found for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, or Tannerella forsythia. Our data demonstrate a change in the subgingival microbiota during pregnancy, at least for P. nigrescens.

Periodontal disease defined according to Definition 2 and unfavorable oral health-related behavior were factors associated with preterm birth.

O bruxismo compreende uma atividade parafuncional caracterizado pelo ato de ranger ou apertar os dentes de forma voluntária e/ou involuntariamente, ocorrendo durante o período diurno e/ou noturno, podendo acarretar vários prejuízos ao sistema estomatognático. Diversos são os fatores etiológicos que podem estar associados a esta desordem, como fatores locais, sistêmicos, hereditários, psicossociais e comportamentais. Pesquisadores têm sugerido que fatores comportamentais, como estresse, ansiedade e traços de personalidade se sobressaem a fatores locais. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura a fim de avaliar se há relação entre bruxismo e fatores psicológicos em crianças. Foram realizados levantamentos nas bases de dados: PubMed, BVS Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e SciELO no período de fevereiro de 2007 a setembro de 2017. Os descritores utilizados foram “bruxism”, “children”, “stress”, “anxiety”, “pshychological factors”. Sendo assim, 97 publicações foram identificadas na busca inicial. Após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a amostra final foi composta por sete estudos. Houve evidência significativa de uma associação entre estresse, ansiedade e fatores psicológicos com o bruxismo infantil. Porém, ainda existe uma enorme necessidade de estudos bem delineados e com metodologias padronizadas a fim de verificar a associação entre o bruxismo e fatores psicológicos.

O estudo avaliou a adesão a um Programa de Atenção à Saúde Bucal (PASB) por crianças e adolescentes infectados pelo HIV, bem como a atitude de seus responsáveis quanto a cuidados em relação à saúde bucal. Foram entrevistados 58 responsáveis que acompanhavam crianças e adolescentes HIV+ nas consultas médicas de rotina no ambulatório de aids, os quais foram indagados sobre os dados pessoais, adesão ao PASB ou a outros serviços odontológicos e atitudes quanto aos cuidados bucais. Aproximadamente 70% dos responsáveis disseram que a criança participava do PASB; entretanto, 20% delas não retornavam às consultas de prevenção quando solicitadas, e este retorno era menor quando os responsáveis não eram os próprios pais (p=0,036). A adesão desta população ao tratamento odontológico fora do PASB foi pequena, visto que 48% dos responsáveis relataram que a criança não concluiu o tratamento quando este não foi realizado no PASB. A atitude dos responsáveis em relação aos cuidados bucais das crianças HIV+ também não foi considerada satisfatória. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância da inserção do odontopediatra em equipes multidisciplinares que atendem crianças e adolescentes HIV+, bem como da divulgação deste serviço para os familiares e para todas as equipes médicas envolvidas com estes pacientes.

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