This research aims to determine the effect of particle sizes (10 mesh, 20 mesh, and 30 mesh) on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from industry waste of PT. Aldi Mandomai Furniture, based on JIS A 5903: 2003 Standard. . Particleboards size were 30 x30x1,5 cm, density 0,5 g/cm3. Moisture content particles at 5%, particles glued with urea-formaldehyde adhesives, weight 10%, hot press pressured with temperature 110 ± 20C for 15 minutes, pressure 25 kg/ cm2. Furthermore, particleboards must be conditioned for ± 14 days/ 2 weeks. Particleboards were cut into sample test according to the size in the JIS A 5903:2003 standard. Research design used Completely Random Design with one factor. Data analyzed using analysis of variance, if data was significant must to do areal difference test. The observed to particle size with 3 levels are 10 mesh, 20 mesh, and 30 mesh. The results of physical properties were Density ( a.v. 0,46 – 0,49 g/cm³), Moisture Content (a.v. 12,22 – 14,05%), Water Absorption (a.v 129,79 – 167,03%), and Thickness Swelling (a.v 11,43 – 22,08%). The results of mechanical properties were internal bonding (0,0075 - 0,0204 N/mm2), Modulus of Elasticity (a.v. 5,91 – 25,32 N/mm2), Modulus of Rupture (a.v 0,52 – 1,52 N/mm2 ), and Screw Holding (a.v. 29,42 – 104,60 N). Particleboards made from furniture industry waste with particle size 10 mesh was significantly to physical properties, except density and fulfill JIS A 5903:2003, while the mechanical properties of particleboard are not fulfill the standard.
The quality of particleboard made from broad-leaved acacia branches and PVAc adhesive was investigated. A non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with adhesive contents of 10%, 15%, and 20% was employed. The parameters for testing physical properties included moisture content, density, water absorption, and thickness swelling. The parameters for testing the mechanical properties were modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bonding, and screw withdrawal resistance. The results indicates that the concentration of PVAc adhesive has a significant effect on both physical and mechanical properties of the fabricated particleboards. The LSD further test indicates that particleboard with 20% adhesive content has the highest value in strength tests and meets the Indonesian National Standard (Standard Nasional Indonesia/SNI) 03-2105-2006. It is suitable for non-structural indoor (interior) element.
Kelompok usaha sosial hutan desa yang mengembangkan budidaya lebah tak bersengat adalah kelompok yang memanfaatkan lebah tak bersengat untuk budidaya dan telah memiliki produk, yaitu madu. Masyarakat yang mengelola lahan hutan sosial ini adalah Desa Tuwung, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi dan nilai ekonomi, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas madu lebah tak bersengat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Usaha budidaya lebah tak bersengat di Desa Tuwung menghasilkan 40 liter madu dari 33 sarang lebah, dimana potensi budidaya lebah tak bersengat masih belum optimal. Nilai ekonomi, yaitu pendapatan dari penjualan madu dalam satu tahun, mencapai Rp 10.000.000. Produksi madu selama satu tahun mencapai 40 liter dengan harga jual Rp 250.000 per liter, sehingga pendapatan kelompok usaha ini masih belum optimal atau relatif rendah.
Kayu kawui adalah salah satu lesser known species yang belum banyak diketahui sifat-sifatkayunya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan mekanika kayukawui. Bahan penelitian dua pohon kawui berdiameter 28,34 cm dan 34,74 cm diambil darihutan alam. Bahan dipotong menjadi tiga bagian yaitu pangkal, tengah dan ujung,pengujian mengikuti standar DIN. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkapdengan satu faktor yaitu letak pada batang dengan tiga aras yaitu pangkal-tengah dan ujung,seluruhnya dilakukan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian kadar air basah dan kering udara pohonkesatu lebih besar dari pohon kedua. Berat jenis kering udara dan kering tanur keduanyasama besar. Modulus elastis, modulus patah, keteguhan geser sejajar serat, keteguhan tekansejajar serat, keteguhan pukul pohon kesatu lebih kecil dari pohon kedua. Kekerasanterendah sampai tertinggi adalah pada bidang tangensial, bidang radial dan bidangtransversal. Perlakuan arah aksial kadar air dan berat jenis tidak berpengaruh nyata, ujiketeguhan geser sejajar serat, kekerasan bidang tangensial, radial serta keteguhan lengkungstatis berpengaruh nyata. Hasil uji Beda Nyata Jujur perlakuan terbaik untuk keteguhangeser sejajar serat pada bagian tengah, kekerasan bidang radial pada pangkal, kekerasanbidang tangensial dan keteguhan lengkung statis pada bagian ujung. Berat Jenis kayu kawuimasuk kelas kuat III, MoE masuk dalam kelas kuat II-IV, MoR dan keteguhan tekan sejajarserat masuk kelas kuat II. Kayu kawui cocok untuk penggunaan bahan bangunan, plywood,meubel, lantai, dinding, bantalan, kusen-kusen dan kapal.Kata kunci: Kawui, sifat fisika, sifat mekanika, kelas kuat II dan III.
The anatomical and chemical properties of a lesser known species, Kawui wood, were investigated Two trees were examined based on IAWA, ASTM and SNI. A completely randomised design was used with radial direction of the trunk (sapwood and heartwood) as the factor, in three replications. It indicated the highest to lowest cell proportions are fibres, rays, vessels and parenchyma. The highest proportion of rays was in the sapwood, while the fibre was in the heartwood. However, the average fibre length in the sapwood was higher than the heartwood, while the lumen diameter showed the reverse. Holocellulose, αcellulose, lignin, extractives, and ash content of the sapwood was higher than the heartwood. Based on its anatomical and chemical properties, Kawui wood can be included in grade II-IV, which is suitable for medium quality pulp and paper production.
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