Collectively, the data presented here suggest that parental weight status is associated with greater striatal, gustatory, and somatosensory responses to palatable foods-in particular, high-sugar foods-in their adolescent offspring, which theoretically contributes to an increased risk of future overeating. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01949636.

These findings suggest that increased eating frequency is related to decreased obesity and metabolic disease risk in overweight Hispanic youth, despite increases in energy intake.

Objective: This cross-sectional study assesses the independent and combined effects of breastfeeding (BF) and dietary intake, specifically sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), on obesity prevalence in lowincome, primarily Hispanic toddlers. Methods: The following data were collected in 2011 via phone surveys with caregivers of 2295 lowincome children (2-4 years) from Los Angeles County Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) programs: infant feeding, dietary intake, gestational diabetes status, birth weight, gestational age, and mother's BMI. WIC staff measured children's height and weight. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions assessed the independent and combined effects of BF and dietary intake on obesity prevalence. Results: Compared to no BF, BF 12 mos was associated with a 47% reduction in obesity prevalence (AOR 5 0.53, 95% CI 0.4-0.8, P 5 0.004). Compared to 2 1 SSB=d, no SSB=d intake was associated with a 28% reduction in obesity prevalence (AOR 5 0.72, 95% CI 0.5-1.0, P 5 0.03). High intake of soda, diet soda, and fruit drinks were linked to increases in obesity prevalence. There was no effect of 100% juice, milk (plain or flavored) fruit, vegetable, fast food, or sweetened grain intake on obesity prevalence. Conclusions: These findings support encouragement of BF 12 mos and no SSB intake to prevent obesity in low-income, primarily Hispanic, toddlers.

These results suggest that increases in dietary fibre could play an important role in lowering inflammation and therefore metabolic disease risk in high-risk minority youth.

These findings suggest that > 12 months of breastfeeding duration in the gestational diabetes mellitus group and any duration of breastfeeding in the non-gestational diabetes mellitus mothers is needed to reduce obesity levels in a primarily Hispanic population.