Adolescents at high risk of obesity show greater striatal response to increased sugar content in milkshakes

Shearrer, Grace E.; Stice, Eric; Burger, Kyle S.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy050

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, greater response in caudate was observed, similar to other studies of palatable taste [86][87][88]. These results add further evidence to support brain response to palatable taste in the describe regions.…”

Section: Brain Response and Network Organization During Appetitive Pstsupporting

confidence: 89%

Network organization during probabilistic learning via taste outcomes

Sadler

Shearrer

Acosta

et al. 2020

Physiology & Behavior

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Reinforcement learning guides food decisions, yet how the brain learns from taste in humans is not fully understood. Existing research examines reinforcement learning from taste using passive condition paradigms, but response-dependent instrumental conditioning better reflects natural eating behavior. Here, we examined brain response during a taste-motivated reinforcement learning task and how measures of task-based network structure were related to behavioral outcomes. During a functional MRI scan, 85 participants completed a probabilistic selection task with feedback via sweet taste or bitter taste. Whole brain response and functional network topology measures, including identification of communities and community segregation, were examined during choice, sweet taste, and bitter taste conditions. Relative to the bitter taste, sweet taste was associated with increased whole brain response in the hippocampus, oral somatosensory cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex. Sweet taste was also related to differential community assignment of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex compared to bitter taste. During choice, increasing segregation of a community containing the amygdala, hippocampus, and right fusiform gyrus was associated with increased sensitivity to punishment on the task's posttest. Further, healthy BMI was associated with differential community structure compared to overweight and obese BMI, where high BMI reflected increased connectivity of visual regions. Together, results demonstrate that network topology of learning and memory regions during choice is related to avoiding a bitter taste, and that BMI is associated with increased connectivity of area involved in processing external stimuli. Network organization and topology provides unique insight into individual differences in brain response to instrumental conditioning via taste reinforcers.

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Section: Brain Response and Network Organization During Appetitive Pstsupporting

confidence: 89%

Network organization during probabilistic learning via taste outcomes

Sadler

Shearrer

Acosta

et al. 2020

Physiology & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, one study found that elevated responsivity of regions implicated in reward processing predicted future weight gain, though that study used a very small sample (n = 16; Geha et al, 2013). Interestingly, two studies have found that healthy weight adolescents at high risk for future weight gain by virtue of parental obesity showed elevated reward region response to receipt of high-calorie beverages (Shearrer, Stice, & Burger, 2018; Stice et al, 2011). Collectively, the pattern of findings provide little reliable support for the thesis that elevated responsivity of regions implicated in reward to high-calorie food receipt increases risk for future weight gain (Davis et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of neural response to palatable food tastes and images to future weight gain: Using bootstrap sampling to examine replicability of neuroimaging findings

Stice

Yokum

2018

NeuroImage

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Because understanding neural vulnerability factors that predict future weight gain may guide the design of more effective obesity prevention programs and treatments, we tested whether neural response to palatable food tastes and images predicted future weight gain. We recruited 135 initially healthy weight adolescents, to reduce the possibility that a history of overeating affected neural responsivity, had them complete fMRI paradigms examining neural response to tastes of milkshakes that varied in fat and sugar content and images of palatable foods, and assessed BMI annually over a 3-year follow-up. We used a novel bootstrapping analytic approach to investigate the replicability of the fMRI findings. Whole-brain analyses indicated that lower response in the pre-supplemental motor area to high-fat/low-sugar milkshake taste predicted future BMI gain in the full sample and in 5 out of the 10 bootstrap samples. Elevated response in the precentral gyrus/Rolandic operculum to images of appetizing foods predicted future BMI gain in the full sample and in 4 out of the 10 bootstrap samples. Other peaks that emerged in the full sample did not replicate in most of the bootstrap samples, suggesting they were not reliable. Region of interest analyses did not replicate the predictive effects of peaks reported in past papers that used similar paradigms, including the evidence that TaqIA polymorphism moderated the relation of striatal response to palatable food tastes to future weight gain. Results suggest that lower responsivity of a region implicated in motor processing in response to palatable taste was associated with greater BMI gain over time, and further that bootstrap sampling may be useful for estimating the replicability of findings that emerge from whole brain analyses or regions of interest analyses with the full sample.

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“…A food picture paradigm was adopted to test neural responses to imagined consumption in response to pictures of appetizing foods, unappetizing foods, and glasses of water. Food pictures were individualized based on the participants’ previous appetizing ratings [see earlier papers for details on this paradigm (Shearrer et al., 2018; Stice and Yokum, 2018)]. During the task, each picture was presented for five seconds and participants were instructed to imagine tasting and eating the pictured food.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each image type was presented for 32 trials. This paradigm elicits robust food reward-related neural response (Shearrer et al., 2018; Stice and Yokum, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%