This article addresses the topic of shared responsibilities in supply chains, with a specific focus on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in e-health environments, and Industry 4.0 issues—concerning data security, privacy, reliability and management, data mining and knowledge exchange as well as health prevention. In this article, we critically review methodologies and guidelines that have been proposed to approach these ethical aspects in digital supply chain settings. The emerging framework presents new findings on how digital technologies affect vaccine shared supply chain systems. Through epistemological analysis, the article derives new insights for transparency and accountability of supply chain cyber risk from Internet of Things systems. This research devises a framework for ethical awareness, assessment, transparency and accountability of the emerging cyber risk from integrating IoT technologies on shared Covid-19 healthcare supply chain infrastructure.

This paper describes a critical evaluation of a miniaturised colorimetric assay, using MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide) reduction, applied to protozoan viability testing. The toxic substances used were copper, zinc, Triton X‐100 (a membrane surfactant) and cycloheximide (an inhibitor of the protein synthesis). The viability assay of the ciliate protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis was optimised in terms of MTT concentration and incubation time. Since protozoa are non adherent cells the MTT assay was modified in order to maintain the medium in the well. MTT proved to be effective in the measurement of Tetrahymena pyriformis viability. Four hours of MTT incubation followed by 30 minutes of incubation with DMSO were found to be the best incubation times for optical density reading. Furthermore, 10 mg/ml of MTT solution was the concentration that gave higher values of optical densities with minor medium interference.

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Momentum for IPv6 transition is on the rise, and many transition tools and techniques are available to ISPs, enterprise networks, and unmanaged networks. The rationale for introducing IPv6 is beginning to sway many network providers in commercial and research environments.1 Among IPv6's unique benefits over IPv4 are increased address space, simpler "plug and play," network security, and improved mobility support.2 These benefits are interrelated. Increased address space lets networks globally address more and new types of devices, which removes the need for network address translation (NAT). In turn, this restores the Internet's original endto-end principle, allowing host-to-host IPsec and novel services to run into networks previously "hidden" behind NAT boxes. Peer-to-peer applications and ad hoc and mobile networking will all benefit from IPv6 deployment.Commercially supported IPv6 software, including operating systems and popular applications, is now available from vendors such as Cisco, Juniper, Microsoft, Apple, IBM, and Sun. In Europe, the European Commission sees IPv6 introduction as key to its 2005 e-Europe Action Plan. Several EU Information Society Technologies' (IST) IPv6 projects, including 6NET (www.6net.org) and Euro6IX (www.euro6ix.org), are examining how to deploy and support IPv6 in academic and commercial settings. There is also significant IPv6 work going on in the US and Asia. 3 We can consider the challenge of introducing IPv6 from two angles. First, when introducing a new "native" IPv6 network, we clearly must ensure that all components (network devices, host operating systems, applications, and so on) support the new protocol. Second, when introducing IPv6 to an existing IPv4 infrastructure, we must have transitioning mechanisms that enable the protocol's seamless introduction, minimizing any impact on existing network users.The Internet Engineering Task Force recently established the IPv6 Operations (v6ops) working group (www.ietf.org/html.charters/v6ops-charter. html) to supersede the next-generation transition (ngtrans) working group. The v6ops group will be looking at four major IPv6 deployment scenarios: ISPs, cellular networks, enterprise networks (including universities), and unmanaged networks (such as those found in homes or small offices). Here, we offer an overview of the potential migration scenarios facing three of these groups (excluding cellular networks), and the transitioning mechanisms available to them. IPv6 Research and 6NETThe IETF has been developing IPv6 protocols for more than six years. The ngtrans working group developed many tools aimed at assisting IPv6's introduction, offering a "transitioning toolbox" for operators migrating to IPv6. More recently, v6ops' work is focusing on the operational aspects of introducing IPv6 services into IPv4 environments, and on deploying green field IPv6 networks (new networks that primarily use IPv6).In the EU's IST Fifth Framework Programme, two major projects are running trials of various IETF-proposed IPv6 protocols and mecha...

O presente estudo traçou, como objetivo geral, analisar o efeito da formação na aquisição de valores em educação em saúde dos estudantes do Curso de Enfermagem de Vila Real, Região Norte, Trásos-Montes e Alto Douro, município de Vila Real, Lordelo, em Portugal, comparando com outros cursos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, comparativo e transversal. Participaram na pesquisa 709 estudantes de sete cursos superiores, tendo-se procurado incluir atores que intervêm no processo de educação em saúde, aos quais foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2004. A maioria dos participantes (86,5%) considera que a educação em saúde tem valores a promover, sendo a 'responsabilidade' o valor mais indicado, por 19,2% dos estudantes. O estudo demonstrou que é nos cursos de enfermagem que ocorre a maior evolução nos valores, existindo diferenças altamente significativas (p< 0,001), sendo a média do 4º ano superior à do 1º. Esses resultados evidenciam a necessidade de, em tais cursos, se trabalhar os valores subjacentes ao processo, tão necessários no desempenho dessas profissões.

RESUMO: Este estudo versa sobre a validação de um questionário aplicado aos licenciandos do primeiro e último ano das licenciaturas em Biologia, Ciências, Física, Química e Pedagogia, sendo selecionadas duas diferentes instituições para cada curso. O instrumento de pesquisa passou pela validação semântica, realizada por seis pesquisadores doutores das áreas de Ensino (Biologia, Física e Química) e a aplicação de um teste piloto com licenciandos do curso de Biologia. Após a análise semântica e o teste piloto, três assertivas foram eliminadas, ficando o questionário final constituído por 81 assertivas. Para avaliar a confiabilidade do instrumento (validação estatística) foi realizado o teste de Alpha de Cronbach, análise fatorial, Kaiser-Meyer-Olklin (KMO) e o de Esfericidade de Bartlett. Após a aplicação dos testes foram eliminadas 30 assertivas, tornando possível a Análise dos Componentes Principais (ACP). O número amostral foi considerado satisfatório para a sistematização e análise dos dados, quando analisado o valor do KMO.