The main focus of this article is dependent clauses with one verbal element in Mennonite Low German. In some of these clauses, the complement surfaces after the verb, thereby defying the expected word order of German varieties. This unexpected linearization pattern does not constitute a case of ungrammaticality, but one of syntactic analogy, in line with the informants' syntactic behavior with regard to verb clusters in dependent clauses with two verbal elements. Due to this relationship, the analysis of dependent clauses with one verbal element will also shed light on the structure of verb clusters. 1 I would like to thank Leonie Cornips, Martin Pfeiffer, Peter Öhl, Peter Auer, and Aria Adli for their helpful comments. The usual disclaimers apply. Brought to you by | Cambridge University Library Authenticated Download Date | 8/23/15 3:23 AM Göz Kaufmann stimulus <11> Spanish: Si él firma ese contrato, va a perder mucho dinero English: If he signs this contract, he will lose a lot of money (1) a. wann hei unterschrieft [0.4] diesen contrato [0.6] dann verliest der viel Geld2 (Mex-26; m/34/MLG3) if he signs-VERB […] this contract […] then loses he much money b. wann hei det Kontrakt [ehm] unterschrieft dann wird her viel Geld verlieren (Mex-77; f/46/MLG) if he the.NEUTER contract [ehm] signs-VERB then will he much money lose stimulus <26> Spanish: Necesita lentes porque no puede ver el pizarrón English: He needs glasses because he can't see the blackboard (2) a. dü bruuks: [0.7] Brill wiels dü nich sehne kanns die Tofel (Bol-4; m/44/MLG) you need […] glass because you not see-VERB2 can-VERB1 the blackboard b. de bruukt ne Brill wegens her nich de [0.6] Tofel sehne kann (Bol-8; m/20/MLG) he needs a glass because he not the.REDUCED […] blackboard see-VERB2 can-VERB1The translations in (1a) and (2a) occur rarely in the stimulus sentences <11> and <26>:4 (1a) appears once in eighty translations with one verbal element (1.3 %);(2a) appears twice among 311 translations with two verbal elements (0.6 %). Their rareness is probably caused by the unexpected post-verbal position of the complements, i. e. diesen Contrato ('this contract') and die Tofel ('the blackboard'). On first sight, one may assume a priming effect in (1a) and (2a) causing the marked sequence (but cf. the discussion of Table 4 below). This could be either a case 2 The representation of MLG does not claim phonetic accurateness. Filled pauses are indicated in brackets ([eh] or [ehm]), unfilled pauses with the indication of their length if longer than 0.3 seconds. Break-offs or repairs are marked with a hyphen; a colon represents a markedly prolonged pronunciation of a phonetic segment. The parts of the translations relevant for the analysis are underlined. In the glosses, only relevant grammatical information such as the hierarchy among verbal elements, particles, and deviating gender or case of ObjNPs is given. Underlined elements in the glosses represent semantic deviations from the stimulus sentence; a ∅ represents an element which was not translated. C...
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Göz Kaufmann, who obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, in 1997, completed his habilitation treatise in 2016 and received the venia legendi (livre docência) in German Linguistics from the University of Freiburg, Germany. He holds a permanent position as a senior lecturer (Akademischer Oberrat) for linguistics in the German Department of the University of Freiburg. Kaufmann’s main research areas are sociolinguistics, language contact, language variation, and language change. In the area of language variation and change, his focus is on German minority varieties spoken in South America, particularly Mennonite Low German and Pomerano. Aside from lexical and morphological variation, he analyzes syntactic variation in these varieties combining variationist and generative approaches. Göz Kaufmann worked in Brazil as a guest professor and representative of the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) at the UFRGS and the USP. At the University of Pelotas (UFPel), he has already taught several courses and presented numerous talks. For more information, see http://paul.igl.uni-freiburg.de/kaufmann/?Home
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